Kushanda Nheyo yeSpindle Tool - Kusunungura uye Kusunga muCNC Machining Centers
Abstract: Iri bepa rinotsanangudza zvakadzama pamusoro peiyo yakakosha chimiro uye musimboti wekushanda weiyo spindle chishandiso-kusunungura uye kusungirira meshini muCNC machining nzvimbo, kusanganisira kuumbwa kweakasiyana zvikamu, maitiro ekushanda, uye akakosha paramita. Inovavarira kuongorora zvakadzama magadzirirwo emukati eiyi basa rakakosha, kupa mareferensi edzidziso kune akakodzera hunyanzvi vashandi, kuvabatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani uye kuchengetedza spindle system yeCNC machining nzvimbo, uye ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwepamusoro uye iko kurongeka kwemachining maitiro.
I. Nhanganyaya
Basa re spindle chishandiso-kusunungura uye kusungirira munzvimbo dzemachining hwaro hwakakosha hweCNC machining nzvimbo kuti uwane otomatiki machining. Kunyangwe paine mimwe misiyano muchimiro chayo uye musimboti wekushanda pakati pemhando dzakasiyana, hwaro hwekutanga hwakafanana. Tsvagiridzo yakadzama pamusimboti wekushanda kwayo kwakakosha zvikuru pakuvandudza mashandiro enzvimbo dzemuchina, kuve nechokwadi chemhando yekugadzira, uye kugadzirisa kugadzirisa kwemidziyo.
II. Basic Structure
Iyo spindle chishandiso-kusunungura uye kusungirira meshini muCNC machining nzvimbo kunyanya ine zvinotevera zvikamu:
- Dhonza Stud: Yakaiswa pamuswe wechishandiso chakashongedzwa shank, chinhu kiyi yekubatanidza chikamu cheiyo tsvimbo yekudhonza kusimbisa chishandiso. Iyo inobatira pamwe nemabhora esimbi kumusoro kwetsvimbo yekudhonza kuti iwane kumira uye kusungirirwa kwechishandiso.
- Dhonza Tsvimbo: Kuburikidza nekudyidzana neiyo yekudhonza stud kuburikidza nesimbi mabhora, inotamisa tensile uye kukanda mauto kuti aone kubata uye kusunungura zviito zvechombo. Kufamba kwayo kunodzorwa nepiston uye zvitubu.
- Pulley: Inowanzo shanda sechikamu chepakati chekufambisa kwesimba, mune spindle chishandiso-kusunungura uye clamping meshini, inogona kuve nechekuita mumatanho ekutapurirana anotyaira kufamba kwezvikamu zvine hukama. Semuenzaniso, inogona kunge yakabatana neiyo hydraulic system kana zvimwe zvigadziriso zvekutyaira kutyaira mafambiro ezvikamu zvakaita sepiston.
- Belleville Chitubu: Inoumbwa neakawanda mapeya emashizha echirimo, chinhu chakakosha chekugadzira simba rekumanikidza rechishandiso. Simba rayo rine simba re elastic rinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti chishandiso chakanyatsogadziriswa mukati megomba rakapetwa reiyo spindle panguva yekugadzira machining, ichivimbisa machining iko.
- Kiya Nut: Inoshandiswa kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakaita sechitubu cheBelleville kudzivirira kuti dzisasununguke panguva yekushanda uye ive nechokwadi chekugadzikana uye kuvimbika kwechishandiso chese-kusunungura uye kusungirira.
- Kugadzirisa Shim: Nekukuya shim inogadzirisa, iyo yekubatanidza mamiriro pakati peiyo tsvimbo yekudhonza uye yekudhonza stud pamagumo ekurohwa kwepiston inogona kudzorwa nemazvo, kuve nechokwadi kusunungura kwakatsetseka uye kusimba kwechishandiso. Inoita basa rakakosha mukurongeka kwakaringana kwese-turusi-kusunungura uye kusungirira mashini.
- Coil Spring: Inoita basa mukuita kwekusunungura chishandiso uye inobatsira kufamba kwepiston. Semuyenzaniso, kana pisitoni ikafamba ichidzika pasi kusunda tsvimbo yekudhonza kuti isunungure chishandiso, chitubu checoil chinopa imwe elastic simba kuti ive nechokwadi chekutsvedzerera uye kuvimbika kwechiito.
- Piston: Icho chikamu chekushandisa-simba mune chishandiso-kusunungura uye kusungirira michina. Inotyairwa ne hydraulic pressure, inofamba ichikwira nekudzika, yobva yatyaira tsvimbo yekudhonza kuti ione kubata nekusunungura zviito zvechombo. Iko kunyatso kudzora kwayo sitiroko uye kukanda kwakakosha kune yese chishandiso-kusunungura uye kubata maitiro.
- Limit Swichi 9 uye 10: Iwo akateedzana anoshandiswa kutumira masaini echishandiso kusungirira uye kusunungura. Aya masaini anodzoserwa kuCNC system kuitira kuti sisitimu inyatso kudzora machining maitiro, kuve nechokwadi kufambira mberi kwakarongeka kwemaitiro ega ega, uye kudzivirira tsaona dzemachini dzinokonzerwa nekusanzwisisa kwechishandiso chekumanikidza.
- Pulley: Zvakafanana nepulley yakataurwa muchinhu 3 pamusoro, inotora chikamu muhurongwa hwekutumira pamwe chete kuti ive nechokwadi chekufambiswa kwesimba kwakadzikama uye kugonesa zvese zvikamu zvechishandiso-kusunungura uye kusungirira nzira kuti ishande pamwe chete maererano nechirongwa chakafanotemerwa.
- Chivharo Chekupedzisira: Inotamba basa rekudzivirira nekuisa chisimbiso chemukati cheiyo spindle, kudzivirira tsvina yakaita seguruva uye machipisi kuti isapinde mukati meiyo spindle uye inokanganisa kushanda kwakajairwa kwechishandiso-kusunungura uye kusungirira mashini. Panguva imwecheteyo, inopawo nzvimbo yakagadzikana yekushanda yezvikamu zvemukati.
- Kugadzirisa Screw: Inogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa zvakanaka kune zvinzvimbo kana kucheneswa kwezvimwe zvikamu kuti uwedzere kukwidziridza kushanda kwechishandiso-kusunungura uye kusungirira meshini uye kuona kuti inochengetedza yakakwirira-chaiyo yekushanda mamiriro panguva yekushandiswa kwenguva refu.
III. Kushanda Nheyo
(I) Tool Clamping Process
Kana iyo machining centre iri mune yakajairika machining state, hapana hydraulic mafuta anomanikidza kumucheto wepamusoro wepiston 8. Panguva ino, iyo coil spring 7 iri mune yakasarudzika yakawedzera mamiriro, uye simba rayo rekusimudzira rinoita kuti piston 8 iende kumusoro kune imwe nzvimbo. Zvichakadaro, iyo Belleville spring 4 inoitawo basa. Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwakatsetseka, Belleville spring 4 inosundidzira tsvimbo yekudhonza 2 kuti iende kumusoro, kuitira kuti mabhora mana esimbi ari pamusoro wedonzvo rod 2 apinde mu annular groove pamuswe we tool shank's pull stud 1. Nekumisikidzwa kwemabhora esimbi, simba rekudhonzera reBelleville rakatenderedzwa 1 uye kudhonza 2 kusvika ku4 chitubu. mabhora esimbi, nekudaro akabata zvakasimba shank yemudziyo uye kuona kunyatsomira uye kusungirira kwakasimba kwechishandiso mukati megomba rakatemerwa re spindle. Iyi nzira yekurovera inoshandisa simba rakasimba rinogoneka rechitubu cheBelleville uye inogona kupa simba rakakwana rekumanikidza kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chishandiso hachizosununguka pasi pechiito chekumhanya-mhanya kutenderera nekucheka masimba, kuvimbisa iko machining nekugadzikana.
(II) Tool Loosening Process
Kana zvichidikanwa kushandura chishandiso, iyo hydraulic system inogadziriswa, uye hydraulic oiri inopinda kumucheto kwepiston 8, ichigadzira kukwira kumusoro. Pasi pekuita kwe hydraulic thrust, piston 8 inokunda iyo elastic simba yecoil spring 7 uye inotanga kudzika pasi. Kuenda pasi kwepiston 8 kunosundidzira tsvimbo yekudhonza 2 kuti iende ichidzika pasi synchronously. Sezvo tsvimbo yekudhonza 2 ichifamba ichidzika pasi, mabhora esimbi anobviswa kubva pa annular groove kumuswe wemudziyo shank's pull stud 1 uye opinda mu annular groove nechekumusoro kwegomba rekumashure rakatepa remupindo. Panguva ino, mabhora esimbi haasisina simba rekudzivirira pane kudhonza stud 1, uye chimbo chacho chakasunungurwa. Kana manipulator aburitsa shank yemudziyo kubva muspindle, mweya wakadzvanyirirwa unobuda nepamaburi epakati pepiston netsvimbo yekudhonza kuti uchenese tsvina yakaita semachipisi neguruva mugomba rakatemerwa respindle, uchigadzirira kuisirwa chishandiso chinotevera.
(III) Basa reLimit Swichi
Limit switch 9 uye 10 inoita basa rakakosha mumhinduro yechiratidzo mukati mekushandisa-kusunungura uye kubata maitiro. Kana chishandiso chikasungirirwa munzvimbo, shanduko yenzvimbo yezvakakodzera inokonzeresa chinja chinja 9, uye muganho chinja 9 pakarepo unotumira chiratidzo chesimbi kuCNC system. Mushure mekugamuchira chiratidzo ichi, iyo CNC sisitimu inosimbisa kuti chishandiso chiri munzvimbo yakagadzikana yekubata uye inogona kubva yatanga anotevera machining mashandiro, senge spindle kutenderera uye chishandiso feed. Saizvozvo, kana chishandiso chekusunungura chiitiko chapera, muganho switch 10 inokonzereswa, uye inotumira chishandiso chekusunungura chiratidzo kuCNC system. Panguva ino, iyo CNC system inogona kudzora manipulator kuita chishandiso chekuchinja mashandiro kuti ive nechokwadi che automation uye nemazvo echishandiso chese chekuchinja maitiro.
(IV) Key Parameters uye Mazano Ekugadzira
- Tensioning Force: Iyo CNC machining Center inoshandisa huwandu hwemakumi matatu nemana maviri maviri (68 zvidimbu) zveBelleville zvitubu, izvo zvinogona kuburitsa simba rine simba rekumanikidza. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, simba rekumanikidza rekusimbisa chishandiso i10 kN, uye inogona kusvika pakureba kwe13 kN. Dhizaini yakadaro yekumanikidza inokwana kutarisana neakasiyana mauto ekucheka uye centrifugal masimba anoshanda pachishandiso panguva yekugadzira machining, kuve nechokwadi chekugadzika kwechishandiso mukati megomba rakapetwa reiyo spindle, kudzivirira chishandiso kubva pakusimuka kana kudonha panguva yekugadzira machining, uye nekudaro kuvimbisa machining kurongeka uye kunaka kwepamusoro.
- Piston Stroke: Pakuchinja chishandiso, sitiroko yepiston 8 ndeye 12 mm. Munguva iyi 12-mm sitiroko, kufamba kwepiston kunokamurwa kuita nhanho mbiri. Chekutanga, mushure mekunge pisitoni yafambira mberi kuita 4 mm, inotanga kusunda tsvimbo yekudhonza 2 kuti ifambe kusvika mabhora esimbi apinda mu Φ37-mm annular groove muchikamu chepamusoro chegomba rakateperwa rechirukwa. Panguva ino, chishandiso chinotanga kusunungura. Mushure mezvo, tsvimbo yekudhonza inoramba ichidzika kusvika pamusoro “a” yetsvimbo yekudhonza yabata pamusoro pechidhirowa, ichinyatsosaidzira chishandiso kunze kweburi rakadhinda kuitira kuti manipulator abvise mudziyo zvakanaka. Nekunyatso kudzora sitiroko yepiston, kusunungura uye kusungirira zviito zvechishandiso zvinogona kupedzwa nemazvo, kudzivirira matambudziko akadai seasina kukwana kana kuwandisa sitiroko iyo inogona kutungamirira kune yakasununguka clamping kana kusakwanisa kusunungura chishandiso.
- Bata Stress uye Zvinhu Zvinodiwa: Sezvo mabhora mana esimbi, iyo conical pamusoro peiyo yekudhonza stud, pamusoro pegomba rekuruka, uye maburi anowanikwa mabhora esimbi anotakura kushushikana kwakanyanya panguva yekushanda, zvinodikanwa zvakanyanya zvinoiswa pazvinhu uye kuoma kwepasi kwezvikamu izvi. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuenderana kwesimba pamabhora esimbi, maburi ayo mabhora esimbi e4 anofanirwa kuve akanyatso kuvimbiswa kuti ari mundege imwechete. Kazhinji, izvi zvikamu zvakakosha zvinotora yakakwirira-simba, kuoma-kuoma, uye kusapfeka-kupfeka uye kuita chaiyo machining uye kupisa kurapwa maitiro kuti vavandudze kuoma kwepamusoro uye kusapfeka kupfeka, kuve nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo dzekubatana dzezvikamu zvakasiyana dzinogona kuchengetedza kushanda kwakanaka panguva yenguva refu uye nguva zhinji kushandiswa, kuderedza kusakara uye deformation, uye kurebesa hupenyu hwesevhisi yechishandiso-kusunungura michina.
IV. Mhedziso
Iyo yakakosha chimiro uye musimboti wekushanda weiyo spindle chishandiso-kusunungura uye kusungirira meshini muCNC machining nzvimbo inoumba yakaoma uye yakaoma sisitimu. Chimwe nechimwe chikamu chinoshanda pamwe uye chinonyatso kurongedzera chimwe nechimwe. Kuburikidza nechaiyo dhizaini dhizaini uye nehungwaru mechanicha zvimiro, nekukurumidza uye kwakaringana kusungirira uye kusunungura maturusi kunowanikwa, ichipa vimbiso ine simba yeanoshanda uye otomatiki machining eCNC machining nzvimbo. Kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemusimboti wekushanda kwayo uye yakakosha tekinoroji mapoinzi ane kutungamira kukosha kwekugadzira, kugadzira, kushandisa, uye kugadzirisa kweCNC machining nzvimbo. Mukuvandudza mune ramangwana, nekuenderera mberi kwekuenderera mberi kweCNC machining tekinoroji, iyo spindle chishandiso-kusunungura uye kusungirira meshini inozogara ichigadziridzwa nekuvandudzwa, ichienda yakanangana nepamusoro-soro, kukurumidza kukurumidza, uye kushanda kwakavimbika kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zviri kukura zveiyo yepamusoro-yekupedzisira indasitiri yekugadzira.