I. Misimboti uye Zvikonzero Zvikonzero zvekukwira Kugaya uye Kugaya Kwemazuva ese muCNC Milling Machines.
(A) Nheyo uye Zvikonzero Zvinoenderana Nekukwira Milling
Munguva yekugadzira machining eCNC milling muchina, kukwira kugayo inzira chaiyo yekugaya. Kana iyo yekutenderera kutungamira kwechikamu icho chigayo chinocheka chinosangana neworkpiece chakafanana neyekudyisa kutungamira kweworkpiece, inonzi kukwira milling. Iyi nzira yekugaya inowirirana zvakanyanya neiyo mechanical chimiro maitiro emuchina wekugaya, kunyanya kucheneswa pakati pe nati uye screw. Kana iri nyaya yekukwira kugaya, sezvo yakachinjika chigayo chechikamu simba chinoshanduka uye paine kubvumidzwa pakati pesiruu nenati, izvi zvinokonzeresa worktable uye sikuruu kufamba kuruboshwe uye kurudyi. Iyi periodic movement idambudziko rakakosha rakatarisana nekukwira, izvo zvinoita kuti kufamba kweiyo worktable kusanyatsogadzikana. Kukuvadza kwechigadziro chekucheka chinokonzerwa nekufamba uku kusina kugadzikana kuri pachena uye zviri nyore kukonzera kukuvadza kumeno emucheka wekucheka.
Munguva yekugadzira machining eCNC milling muchina, kukwira kugayo inzira chaiyo yekugaya. Kana iyo yekutenderera kutungamira kwechikamu icho chigayo chinocheka chinosangana neworkpiece chakafanana neyekudyisa kutungamira kweworkpiece, inonzi kukwira milling. Iyi nzira yekugaya inowirirana zvakanyanya neiyo mechanical chimiro maitiro emuchina wekugaya, kunyanya kucheneswa pakati pe nati uye screw. Kana iri nyaya yekukwira kugaya, sezvo yakachinjika chigayo chechikamu simba chinoshanduka uye paine kubvumidzwa pakati pesiruu nenati, izvi zvinokonzeresa worktable uye sikuruu kufamba kuruboshwe uye kurudyi. Iyi periodic movement idambudziko rakakosha rakatarisana nekukwira, izvo zvinoita kuti kufamba kweiyo worktable kusanyatsogadzikana. Kukuvadza kwechigadziro chekucheka chinokonzerwa nekufamba uku kusina kugadzikana kuri pachena uye zviri nyore kukonzera kukuvadza kumeno emucheka wekucheka.
Zvisinei, kukwira kukwira kunewo zvakwakanakira. Kutungamira kweiyo vertical milling component force panguva yekukwira ndeyekudzvanya workpiece pane worktable. Muchiitiko ichi, kutsvedza uye kukweshana pakati pemazino ekucheka chishandiso uye iyo yakagadzirwa nemichina idiki. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune machining process. Kutanga, zvinobatsira kuderedza kupera kwemazino emudziyo wekucheka. Kuderedza kupfekedzwa kwemazino emudziyo wekucheka kunoreva kuti hupenyu hwebasa rekucheka hunogona kuwedzerwa, kuderedza mari yekugadzira. Chechipiri, uku kukakavara kudiki kunogona kuderedza basa rinoomesa chiitiko. Kuomeswa kwebasa kuchawedzera kuoma kwezvinhu zvekushanda, izvo zvisingakodzeri kune anotevera machining maitiro. Kuderedza kuomeswa kwebasa kunobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti machining emhando yeworkpiece. Uye zvakare, kukwira kukwirisa kunogona zvakare kuderedza kushata kwepamusoro, zvichiita kuti pamusoro peiyo machined workpiece ive yakapfava, iyo inobatsira zvikuru machining workpieces ane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvemhando yepamusoro.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kushandiswa kwekukwira kwekukwira kune zvimwe zvinogumira. Kana iyo clearance pakati pe screw uye nati ye worktable inogona kugadziriswa kusvika isingasviki 0.03 mm, zvakanakira kukwira zvigayo zvinogona kuitwa zvirinani nekuti dambudziko rekufamba rinogona kudzorwa zvinobudirira panguva ino. Mukuwedzera, kana kugaya zvitete uye kureba workpieces, kukwira milling zvakare iri nani sarudzo. Matete uye akareba workpieces anoda akanyanya kugadzikana machining mamiriro panguva yekugadzira machining. The vertical chikamu simba rekukwira milling inobatsira kugadzirisa workpiece uye kuderedza matambudziko akadai deformation panguva machining muitiro.
(B) Nheyo uye Zvikonzero Zvinoenderana neConventional Milling
Kugaya kwakare kwakapesana nekukwira. Kana iyo yekutenderera inotungamira yechikamu icho chigayo chekucheka chinobata iyo workpiece yakasiyana neyekudyisa 方向 yeworkpiece, inonzi yakajairika milling. Munguva yekugaya kwakajairika, kutungamira kweiyo vertical milling chikamu simba ndeyekusimudza workpiece, izvo zvinozoita kuti kureba pakati pemazino ekucheka chishandiso uye nzvimbo yakagadzirwa kuti iwedzere uye kukwesha kuwedzere. Uku kukakavara kwakakura kunounza matambudziko akatevedzana, akadai sekuwedzera kupfeka kwemudziyo wekucheka uye kuita kuti basa riomese chiitiko chemushini wakagadzirwa zvakanyanya. Iro basa rekuomeswa kwenzvimbo yakashongedzwa rinowedzera kuoma kwepasi, kuderedza kuoma kwezvinhu, uye kunogona kukanganisa kurongeka uye kunaka kwepamusoro kweanotevera machining maitiro.
Kugaya kwakare kwakapesana nekukwira. Kana iyo yekutenderera inotungamira yechikamu icho chigayo chekucheka chinobata iyo workpiece yakasiyana neyekudyisa 方向 yeworkpiece, inonzi yakajairika milling. Munguva yekugaya kwakajairika, kutungamira kweiyo vertical milling chikamu simba ndeyekusimudza workpiece, izvo zvinozoita kuti kureba pakati pemazino ekucheka chishandiso uye nzvimbo yakagadzirwa kuti iwedzere uye kukwesha kuwedzere. Uku kukakavara kwakakura kunounza matambudziko akatevedzana, akadai sekuwedzera kupfeka kwemudziyo wekucheka uye kuita kuti basa riomese chiitiko chemushini wakagadzirwa zvakanyanya. Iro basa rekuomeswa kwenzvimbo yakashongedzwa rinowedzera kuoma kwepasi, kuderedza kuoma kwezvinhu, uye kunogona kukanganisa kurongeka uye kunaka kwepamusoro kweanotevera machining maitiro.
Zvisinei, kugayo kwakajairika kunewo zvakwakanakira. Mafambiro eiyo horizontal milling component simba panguva yekugaya yakajairwa inopesana nefeed movement direction yeworkpiece. Chimiro ichi chinobatsira sikuru uye nati kuti zvikwane zvakasimba. Muchiitiko ichi, kufamba kwetabhenakeri kunenge kwakagadzikana. Paunenge uchigaya ma workpieces nekuoma kusina kufanana sekukanda uye forgings, apo panogona kuva nematehwe akaoma pamusoro pepamusoro uye mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, kugadzikana kwekugaya kwakajairika kunogona kuderedza kupera kwemazino ekucheka chombo. Nekuti kana uchigadzira ma workpieces akadaro, chishandiso chekucheka chinoda kumirisana nemasimba makuru ekucheka uye mamiriro akaomarara ekucheka. Kana kufamba kweiyo worktable kusingagadzike, kunowedzera kukuvadzwa kwechigadzirwa chekucheka, uye kugaya kwakajairika kunogona kudzoreredza mamiriro aya kune imwe nhanho.
II. Yakadzama Ongororo yeHunhu hweKukwira Kugaya uye Kugaya Kwemazuva ese muCNC Milling Machines.
(A) Kuongorora kwakadzama kweZvinhu zvekukwira kweMilling
- Shanduko Mukucheka Ukobvu uye Kucheka Maitiro
Panguva yekukwira kukwira, kutema kwekucheka kwezino rimwe nerimwe remudziyo wekucheka kunoratidza maitiro ekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kudiki kusvika kuhombe. Kana zino remudziyo wekucheka rinongobata workpiece, kucheka ukobvu ndeye zero. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zino rechishandiso chekucheka chinotsvedza pachigadziko chekucheka chakasiiwa nezino rekare remudziyo wekucheka padanho rekutanga. Chete kana zino remudziyo wekucheka rinotsvedza imwe chinhambwe pane ino yekucheka uye kucheka ukobvu kunosvika kune imwe kukosha, iyo zino rekucheka mudziyo rinotanga chaizvo kucheka. Iyi nzira yekushandura ukobvu hwekucheka hwakasiyana zvakanyanya neyekugayo kwakajairika. Pasi pemamiriro akafanana ekucheka, iyi yakasiyana-siyana yekutanga nzira yekucheka ine zvakakosha pakupfeka kwechigadzirwa chekucheka. Sezvo zino remudziyo wekucheka rine sliding process isati yatanga kucheka, kukanganisa pamucheto wekucheka kwekucheka kwekucheka kunenge kuduku, iyo inobatsira kuchengetedza chigadziro chekucheka. - Kucheka Nzira uye Tool Wear
Kuenzaniswa nekugaya kwakajairika, nzira iyo mazino emudziyo wekucheka anofamba pane yebasa panguva yekukwira ipfupi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo nzira yekucheka yekukwira milling inoita nzira yekuonana pakati pekucheka chishandiso uye workpiece yakananga. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, pasi pemamiriro akafanana ekucheka, kupfeka kwechigadziro chekucheka paunenge uchishandisa kukwira kukwira kuduku. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kukwira kwekugaya hakuna kukodzera kune ese maworkpieces. Sezvo mazino emudziyo wekucheka anotanga kutema kubva pamusoro pebasa rekushanda nguva imwe neimwe, kana pane ganda rakaoma riri pamusoro pebasa rekushanda, rakadai semamwe mapeji ekushanda mushure mekukanda kana kuumba pasina kurapwa, kukwira kukwira hakuna kukodzera. Nemhaka yokuti kuoma kweganda rakaoma rinenge rakakwirira, rinenge riine simba guru pamazino emudziyo wekucheka, kukurumidza kupera kwechigadziro chekucheka, uye kunyange inogona kukuvadza chimbo chekucheka. - Kucheka Deformation uye Kushandisa Simba
Avhareji yekucheka ukobvu panguva yekukwira milling yakakura, izvo zvinoita kuti kucheka deformation kudiki. Diki yekucheka deformation inoreva kuti kushushikana uye kuomeswa kugoverwa kweiyo workpiece zvinhu panguva yekucheka yakawedzera yunifomu, kuderedza machining matambudziko anokonzerwa nekunetseka kwenzvimbo. Panguva imwecheteyo, kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa kugaya, kushandiswa kwesimba kwekukwira kudiki. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kugoverwa kwesimba rekucheka pakati pechishandiso chekucheka uye chishandiso panguva yekukwira kunowedzera kunzwisisika, kuderedza kusingakoshi kurasikirwa kwesimba uye kugadzirisa machining kunyatsoita. Munzvimbo dzakakura dzekugadzira kana machining ane zvinodiwa pakushandisa simba, hunhu uhu hwekukwira kugaya hune kukosha kwehupfumi.
(B) Kuongorora kwakadzama kweZvinhu zveConventional Milling
- Kugadzikana kwe Worktable Movement
Panguva yekugaya, sezvo kutungamira kwesimba rekucheka rakachinjika rinoitwa nemucheki wechigayo pane workpiece yakatarisana negwara rekufambisa kwechigadzirwa chebasa, screw uye nati yetabhenakeri inogona kugara ichichengeta rimwe divi reshinda iri pedyo. Ichi chimiro chinovimbisa kugadzikana kwakagadzikana kwekufamba kweiyo worktable. Munguva yekugadzira machining, kufamba kwakagadzikana kweiyo worktable ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinoita kuti machining anyatso. Kuenzaniswa nekukwira kugiya, panguva yekukwira, sezvo kutungamira kweiyo yakachinjika kugaya simba kwakafanana neyekudyira mafambiro eiyo workpiece, kana simba rinoitwa nemazino ekucheka chishandiso pane workpiece yakakura, nekuda kwekuvapo kwe clearance pakati pe screw uye nati ye worktable, iyo worktable inokwira nekudzika. Iyi kufamba haisi kungovhiringidza kugadzikana kwekucheka kwekucheka, inokanganisa machining quality ye workpiece, asiwo inogona kukuvadza chigadziro chekucheka zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, mune mamwe machining mamiriro ane zvakakwirira zvinodikanwa zvemachining kunyatsoita uye zvakaomesesa zvinodiwa zvekudzivirira chishandiso, iyo kugadzikana mukana weyakajairwa milling inoita kuti ive sarudzo yakakodzera. - Hunhu hweMachineD Surface
Panguva yekugaya kwakajairika, kukakavara pakati pemazino ekucheka chishandiso uye workpiece yakakura, iyo inova inotaridza hunhu hwekugaya kwakajairika. Iko kukweshera kwakakura kuchaita kuti basa rinoomesera chiitiko chemuchina wakagadzirwa kuve chakakomba. Iro basa rekuomeswa kweiyo machaged pamusoro rinowedzera kuomarara kwepasi, kuderedza kuoma kwezvinhu, uye kunogona kukanganisa kurongeka uye kunaka kwepamusoro kweanotevera machining maitiro. Semuenzaniso, mune imwe workpiece machining inoda kunotevera kukuya kana yakakwirira-chaiyo gungano, iyo inotonhora-yakaoma nzvimbo mushure mekugayiwa kwakajairika ingada mamwe maitiro ekurapa kubvisa inotonhora-yakaoma layer kuti isangane nezvinodiwa machining. Zvisineyi, mune zvimwe zviitiko, sekuti kana paine chimwe chinodiwa pakuoma kwepamusoro kwechishandiso kana kuti chinotevera machining process isinganzwi kutonhora kwepamusoro-yakaoma layer, iyi hunhu hwekugayo hunogona kushandiswa zvakare.
III. Sarudzo Matanho eKukwira Kugadzika uye Kugaya Kwemazuva ese muChaiyo Machining
Mune chaiyo CNC milling muchina machining, kusarudzwa kwekukwira kana kugaya kwakajairika kunoda kufunga zvakawanda zvinhu zvizere. Chekutanga, hunhu hwezvinhu zveworkpiece hunoda kutariswa. Kana kuomarara kwechigadzirwa chebasa chakakwira uye paine ganda rakaomarara pamusoro, senge mamwe ma castings uye forgings, yakajairwa kugaya inogona kunge iri sarudzo iri nani nekuti kwakajairika kugaya kunogona kuderedza kupera kwechishandiso chekucheka kune imwe nhanho uye kuve nechokwadi kugadzikana kweiyo machining process. Nekudaro, kana kuoma kweiyo workpiece material iri yunifomu uye paine chinodiwa chepamusoro chemhando yepamusoro, senge mukugadzira zvimwe zvikamu zvemachanicha chaiwo, kukwira kukwira kune zvakanakira. Inogona kunyatso kuderedza kushata kwepamusoro uye kuvandudza hutano hwepamusoro hwebasa rekushanda.
Mune chaiyo CNC milling muchina machining, kusarudzwa kwekukwira kana kugaya kwakajairika kunoda kufunga zvakawanda zvinhu zvizere. Chekutanga, hunhu hwezvinhu zveworkpiece hunoda kutariswa. Kana kuomarara kwechigadzirwa chebasa chakakwira uye paine ganda rakaomarara pamusoro, senge mamwe ma castings uye forgings, yakajairwa kugaya inogona kunge iri sarudzo iri nani nekuti kwakajairika kugaya kunogona kuderedza kupera kwechishandiso chekucheka kune imwe nhanho uye kuve nechokwadi kugadzikana kweiyo machining process. Nekudaro, kana kuoma kweiyo workpiece material iri yunifomu uye paine chinodiwa chepamusoro chemhando yepamusoro, senge mukugadzira zvimwe zvikamu zvemachanicha chaiwo, kukwira kukwira kune zvakanakira. Inogona kunyatso kuderedza kushata kwepamusoro uye kuvandudza hutano hwepamusoro hwebasa rekushanda.
Chimiro uye ukuru hweworkpiece zvakare zvakakosha kufunga. Kune matete uye akareba workpieces, kukwira milling kunobatsira kuderedza deformation ye workpiece panguva machining muitiro nokuti vertical chikamu simba rokukwira milling anogona kudzvanya workpiece nani pane worktable. Kune mamwe maworkpiece ane maumbirwo akaomarara uye hukuru hukuru, zvinodikanwa kunyatso funga kugadzikana kweiyo worktable kufamba uye kupfeka kwechishandiso chekucheka. Kana kudiwa kwekugadzikana kwekufamba kwekushanda panguva yekugadzira machining kunenge kwakakwirira, kugayo kwakajairika kunogona kuva sarudzo yakakodzera; kana kunyanya kutariswa kunobhadharwa kuderedza kupera kwechigadzirwa chekucheka uye kuvandudza kushandiswa kwekugadzira, uye pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu anosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira, kukwira kukwira kunogona kufungwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, kuita kwemuchina wemuchina wekugaya pachawo kuchakanganisa kusarudzwa kwekukwira nekugaya. Kana iyo clearance pakati pe screw uye nati yemuchina wekugaya inogona kunyatso kugadziridzwa kune yakaderera kukosha, senge isingasviki 0.03 mm, ipapo zvakanakira kukwira zvigayo zvinogona kuitwa zvirinani. Nekudaro, kana iyo mechanical precision yemuchina wekugaya ishoma uye dambudziko remvumo harigone kudzorwa zvakanaka, kugayo kwakajairika kungave sarudzo yakachengeteka kudzivirira machining matambudziko emhando uye kukuvara kwechishandiso kunokonzerwa nekufamba kweiyo worktable. Mukupedzisa, muCNC milling muchina machining, nzira yakakodzera yekugaya yekukwira kana kugaya kwakajairika kunofanirwa kusarudzwa zvine mutsindo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemuchina uye mamiriro emidziyo kuti uwane yakanakisa machining maitiro.