Numerical Control Technology uye CNC Machine Zvishandiso
Numerical control tekinoroji, yakapfupikiswa seNC (Numerical Control), inzira yekudzora mafambiro emakanika uye maitiro ekugadzirisa nerubatsiro rweruzivo rwedhijitari. Parizvino, sekutonga kwenhamba kwemazuva ano kunowanzo tora kutonga kwekombuta, inozivikanwawo sekombuta yenhamba yekudzora (Computerized Numerical Control - CNC).
Kuti uwane ruzivo rwedhijitari yekutonga kwemakanika mafambiro uye maitiro ekugadzirisa, inoenderana hardware uye software inofanirwa kuve nemidziyo. Huwandu hwehardware uye software inoshandiswa kuita dhijitari ruzivo rwekutonga inodaidzwa kuti nhamba yekudzora sisitimu (Numerical Control System), uye musimboti wenhamba yekudzora system ndiyo nhamba yekudzora dhizaini (Numerical Controller).
Michina inodzorwa nenhamba yekudzora tekinoroji inonzi CNC muchina maturusi (NC muchina maturusi). Ichi chigadzirwa chakajairwa chemechatronic chinobatanidza zvakanyanya matekinoroji epamberi senge komputa tekinoroji, otomatiki kudzora tekinoroji, chaiyo yekuyera tekinoroji, uye muchina dhizaini dhizaini. Ndiyo nheyo yekona yemazuva ano yekugadzira teknolojia. Kudzora maturusi emuchina ndiyo yekutanga uye inonyanya kushandiswa ndima yenhamba yekudzora tekinoroji. Naizvozvo, iyo nhanho yeCNC muchina maturusi anonyanya kumiririra kuita, nhanho, uye budiriro maitiro eazvino manhamba ekudzora tekinoroji.
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzematurusi emuchina weCNC, anosanganisira kuchera, kugayo, uye maturusi emuchina anofinha, kushandura muchina maturusi, maturusi emuchina wekukuya, magetsi ekuburitsa machining maturusi emuchina, maturusi emuchina wekuforoma, maturusi ekugadzira laser, uye zvimwe zvakakosha-chinangwa CNC muchina maturusi ane chaiwo mashandisirwo. Chero chishandiso chemuchina chinodzorwa nenhamba yekudzora tekinoroji inoiswa seNC muchina chishandiso.
Iwo CNC muchina maturusi ane otomatiki chishandiso chekuchinja ATC (Automatic Tool Changer - ATC), kunze kweCNC lathes ine rotary tool holders, inotsanangurwa semachining nzvimbo (Muchina Center - MC). Kuburikidza neiyo otomatiki kutsiva maturusi, maworkpiece anogona kupedzisa akawanda maitirwo ekugadzirisa mune imwechete clamping, kuwana kusungirirwa kwemaitiro uye kusanganiswa kwemaitiro. Izvi zvinonyatso kupfupisa iyo yekubatsira yekugadzirisa nguva uye inovandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwechishandiso chemuchina. Panguva imwe chete, inoderedza huwandu hwekuisa workpiece nekumisikidza, ichiwedzera kurongeka kwekugadzirisa. Machining nzvimbo parizvino ndiyo mhando yeCNC muchina maturusi ane yakakura kuburitsa uye yakakura kwazvo application.
Zvichienderana neCNC muchina maturusi, nekuwedzera akawanda-worktable (pallet) otomatiki shanduko michina (Auto Pallet Changer - APC) uye mamwe maturusi ane hukama, iyo inokonzeresa yekugadzirisa unit inonzi flexible kugadzira cell (Flexible Manufacturing Cell - FMC). FMC haingoziva chete kusungirirwa kwemaitiro uye kusanganiswa kwemaitiro asiwo, nekuchinjana otomatiki kwematafura ekushanda (pallets) uye akazara otomatiki ekutarisa uye kutonga mabasa, anogona kuita zvisina kurongwa kugadzirisa kweimwe nguva, nekudaro ichiwedzera kuvandudza kugona kwemidziyo. FMC haisiriyo chete hwaro hweiyo inoshanduka yekugadzira system FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System) asi inogona zvakare kushandiswa seyakazvimiririra otomatiki yekugadzirisa michina. Nokudaro, kukurumidza kwekukura kwayo kunokurumidza.
Pahwaro hweFMC uye machining centers, nekuwedzera logistics masisitimu, marobhoti eindasitiri, uye midziyo yakabatana, uye inodzorwa uye inotungamirwa nepakati control system nenzira yepakati uye yakabatana, yakadaro yekugadzira system inonzi inoshanduka yekugadzira system FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System). FMS haigone kungoita unmanned processing kwenguva yakareba asi zvakare inowana kugadziriswa kwakakwana kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvikamu uye gungano rechikamu, kuwana otomatiki yewekishopu yekugadzira maitiro. Iyo yakanyanya otomatiki yepamusoro yekugadzira system.
Nekuenderera mberi kwekuenderera mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, kuti uenderane nekuchinja kuri kuita kudiwa kwemusika, kugadzira kwemazuva ano, hazvifanirwe chete kusimudzira otomatiki yewekishopu yekugadzira maitiro asi zvakare kuwana yakazara yakazara otomatiki kubva pakufanotaura kwemusika, kugadzira sarudzo, dhizaini yechigadzirwa, kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa kusvika kutengesa chigadzirwa. Iyo yakakwana yekugadzira uye yekugadzira sisitimu inoumbwa nekubatanidza izvi zvinodiwa inonzi komputa-yakabatanidzwa yekugadzira system (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System - CIMS). CIMS organically inobatanidza kugadzirwa kwakareba uye bhizinesi chiitiko, kuwana yakanyatso shanda uye inochinjika yehungwaru kugadzirwa, inomiririra yepamusoro nhanho yekuvandudza yemazuva ano otomatiki kugadzira tekinoroji. MuCIMS, kwete chete kubatanidzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira, asi zvinonyanya kukosha, kubatanidzwa kwekombiyuta uye kubatanidzwa kwebasa kunoratidzwa nemashoko. Iyo komputa ndiyo yekubatanidza chishandiso, iyo komputa-inobatsira otomatiki unit tekinoroji ndiyo hwaro hwekubatanidza, uye kuchinjana nekugovana ruzivo uye data ndiro bhiriji rekubatanidza. Chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chinogona kutariswa sekuratidzwa kwezvinhu zveruzivo uye data.
Iyo Numerical Control System uye Zvikamu Zvayo
Izvo Zvinokosha Zvikamu zveNumerical Control System
Iyo nhamba yekudzora sisitimu yeCNC muchina chishandiso ndicho musimboti wezvese manhamba ekudzora michina. Chinhu chikuru chekudzora chenhamba yekudzora sisitimu ndiko kutamiswa kweanorongedzerwa maaxes (kusanganisira kumhanya kwekufamba, kutungamira, chinzvimbo, nezvimwewo), uye ruzivo rwekutonga rwayo kunyanya runobva kunhamba kudzora kugadzirisa kana mafambiro ekudzora zvirongwa. Naizvozvo, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha zvikamu zvenhamba yekudzora sisitimu inofanirwa kusanganisira: chirongwa chekuisa / chekuburitsa mudziyo, iyo nhamba yekudzora mudziyo, uye servo drive.
Basa remudziyo wekupinza/kuburitsa nderekuisa nekuburitsa data senge manhamba kudzora kugadzirisa kana mafambiro ehurongwa, kugadzirisa uye kutonga data, muchina maturusi paramita, kuronga axis chinzvimbo, uye mamiriro ekuona switch. Kiyibhodhi uye chiratidziro ndicho chakanyanya kukosha chekuisa / kuburitsa zvishandiso zvinodikanwa kune chero manhamba ekudzora michina. Uye zvakare, zvichienderana nenhamba yekudzora system, zvishandiso zvakaita semafotoelectric vaverengi, tepi madhiraivha, kana floppy disk drives zvinogona zvakare kuve nemidziyo. Semudziyo wekutenderera, komputa parizvino ndiyo imwe yezvinowanzo shandiswa zvekupinza/zvinobuda.
Iyo nhamba yekudzora mudziyo ndiyo yakakosha chikamu chenhamba yekudzora system. Iyo ine yekupinda / kubuda interface maseketi, controller, arithmetic zvikamu, uye ndangariro. Basa rekushandisa nhamba yekudzora dhizaini kuunganidza, kuverenga, uye kugadzirisa iyo data yekuisa nemudziyo wekupinza kuburikidza nemukati logic wedunhu kana yekudzora software, uye kuburitsa akasiyana marudzi eruzivo nemirayiridzo kudzora zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemuchina chishandiso kuita zviito zvakatemwa.
Pakati peiyi ruzivo rwekudzora uye mirairo, iyo inonyanya kukosha ndeyekumhanyisa kwekudya, kutungamira kwekudya, uye kuraira kwekufambiswa kwemafuro eanorongedzerwa maaxes. Iwo anogadzirwa mushure mekuverengera kuverenga, kupihwa kune servo drive, inokwidziridzwa nemutyairi, uye pakupedzisira inodzora kutamiswa kweanoronga maaxes. Izvi zvinotarisa zvakananga mafambiro echishandiso kana kurongedza matemo.
Mukuwedzera, zvichienderana nehurongwa uye midziyo, somuenzaniso, pane CNC machine tool, panogonawo kuva nemirayiridzo yakadai seyekutenderera kutenderera, kutungamira, kutanga / kumira kwechipinha; kusarudzwa kwezvishandiso uye mirairo yekuchinjana; kutanga/kumisa mirairo yekutonhodza nemafuta ekuzora; workpiece kusunungura uye clamping mirayiridzo; indexing yetabhenakeri uye mimwe mirairo yekubatsira. Munhamba yekudzora sisitimu, ivo vanopihwa kune yekunze yekubatsira kudzora mudziyo nenzira yemasaini kuburikidza neiyo interface. Iyo yekubatsira yekudzora mudziyo inoita inodiwa kuunganidza uye zvine musoro mashandiro pane zviri pamusoro masaini, anoakurisa, uye anotyaira anoenderana actuators kutyaira mekiniki zvikamu, hydraulic, uye pneumatic anobatsira maturusi emuchina chishandiso kupedzisa zviito zvakatsanangurwa nemirairo.
Iyo servo drive kazhinji ine servo amplifiers (inozivikanwawo sevatyairi, servo units) uye actuators. Pa CNC muchina maturusi, AC servo motors anowanzo shandiswa sema actuators parizvino; pamaturusi emuchina wepamusoro-anomhanya, mota dzemitsetse dzatanga kushandiswa. Pamusoro pezvo, pa CNC muchina maturusi akagadzirwa pamberi pema1980, pakanga paine zviitiko zvekushandisa DC servo mota; kune akareruka CNC muchina maturusi, stepper motors aishandiswawo sema actuators. Iyo fomu ye servo amplifier inoenderana neiyo actuator uye inofanirwa kushandiswa pamwe chete nedhiraivha mota.
Izvo zviri pamusoro ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha zvikamu zvenhamba yekudzora system. Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza tekinoroji yekudzora tekinoroji uye kuvandudzwa kwemashina ekuita nhanho dzekuita, izvo zvinodikanwa zveiyo system zviri kuwedzera zvakare. Kuti usangane nezvinodiwa zvekutonga zvematurusi emuchina wakasiyana, ita shuwa kutendeseka uye kufanana kwenhamba yekudzora sisitimu, uye kufambisa kushandiswa kwemushandisi, anowanzo shandiswa epamusoro manhamba ekudzora masystem anowanzo ane yemukati programmable controller semubatsiri kudzora mudziyo wemuchina chishandiso. Uye zvakare, pane simbi yekucheka michina maturusi, iyo spindle drive mudziyo inogona zvakare kuve chikamu chenhamba yekudzora system; pane yakavharwa-loop CNC muchina maturusi, kuyerwa uye yekuona michina zvakare yakakosha kune nhamba yekudzora system. Kune epamusoro manhamba ekudzora masisitimu, dzimwe nguva kunyange komputa inoshandiswa seyemunhu-muchina interface yehurongwa uye yekutarisira data nemidziyo yekupinza/inoburitsa, nekudaro ichiita kuti mashandiro enhamba yekudzora hurongwa huve nesimba uye kuita kwakanyanya kukwana.
Mukupedzisa, kuumbwa kwenhamba yekudzora system kunoenderana nekuita kweiyo control system uye chaiyo yekudzora zvinodiwa zvemidziyo. Pane misiyano yakakura mukugadzirisa kwayo uye kuumbwa kwayo. Pamusoro pezvitatu zvakanyanyokosha zvikamu zveyekupinza/inobuditsa mudziyo wechirongwa chekugadzirisa, mudziyo wekudzora nhamba, uye servo drive, panogona kunge paine mimwe michina yekudzora. Iyo dashed bhokisi chikamu muFigure 1-1 inomiririra komputa nhamba yekudzora nhamba.
Iwo maConcepts eNC, CNC, SV, uye PLC
NC (CNC), SV, uye PLC (PC, PMC) zvipfupiso zvechiRungu zvinowanzoshandiswa mumidziyo yekudzora nhamba uye zvine zvirevo zvakasiyana muzviitiko zvakasiyana mukushandisa.
NC (CNC): NC uye CNC ndiwo mapfupi echiRungu eNumerical Control uye Computerized Numerical Control, zvichiteerana. Tichifunga kuti zvemazuva ano kudzora nhamba zvese zvinotora kutonga kwekombuta, zvinogona kutariswa kuti zvinoreva NC neCNC zvakafanana zvachose. Mukushandiswa kweinjiniya, zvichienderana nechiitiko chekushandisa, NC (CNC) inowanzova nezvirevo zvitatu zvakasiyana: Mupfungwa yakafara, inomiririra tekinoroji yekudzora - tekinoroji yekudzora nhamba; mupfungwa yakamanikana, inomiririra mubatanidzwa wehurongwa hwekutonga - iyo nhamba yekudzora hurongwa; uyezve, inogonawo kumiririra chaiyo dhizaini yekudzora - iyo nhamba yekudzora mudziyo.
SV: SV ndiyo yakajairika Chirungu chidimbu che servo drive (Servo Drive, yakapfupikiswa se servo). Zvinoenderana nematemu akatemerwa echiJapan JIS mwero, "inzira yekudzora inotora chinzvimbo, gwara, uye mamiriro echinhu sehuwandu hwekutonga uye inoteedzera shanduko dzechimbichimbi muukoshi hunotarirwa." Muchidimbu, chishandiso chekudzora chinogona kutevedzera otomatiki huwandu hwemuviri senge nzvimbo yakanangwa.
Pa CNC muchina maturusi, basa re servo drive rinonyanya kuratidzwa muzvikamu zviviri: Chekutanga, inogonesa maaxes ekubatanidza kushanda nekumhanya kwakapihwa nenhamba yekudzora mudziyo; chechipiri, inoita kuti maaxes ekubatanidza agadzirwe zvichienderana nenzvimbo yakapihwa nenhamba yekudzora mudziyo.
Izvo zvinhu zvekudzora zve servo drive kazhinji ndiko kutamisa uye kumhanya kweiyo coordination axes yemuchina chishandiso; iyo actuator i servo mota; chikamu chinodzora uye chinowedzera chiratidzo chekuraira chinowanzonzi servo amplifier (inozivikanwawo semutyairi, amplifier, servo unit, nezvimwewo), inova musimboti we servo drive.
Iyo servo drive haigone kungoshandiswa pamwe chete nenhamba yekudzora mudziyo asi zvakare inogona kushandiswa yega sechinzvimbo (kumhanya) inoperekedza system. Nokudaro, inowanzonziwo servo system. Pane ekutanga manhamba ekudzora masisitimu, iyo chinzvimbo chekudzora chikamu chaiwanzo kusanganiswa neCNC, uye servo drive yaingoita kumhanya kudzora. Nokudaro, servo drive yaiwanzonzi speed control unit.
PLC: PC ndiyo chidimbu cheChirungu cheProgrammable Controller. Nekuzivikanwa kuri kuwedzera kwemakomputa emunhu, kudzivirira kuvhiringika nemakomputa emunhu (anonziwo maPC), vanodzora vanorongwa vava kunzi programmable logic controllers (Programmalbe Logic Controller - PLC) kana programmable muchina controller (Programmable Machine Controller - PMC). Naizvozvo, paCNC muchina maturusi, PC, PLC, uye PMC zvine zvazvinoreva zvakafanana.
PLC ine mabhenefiti ekukurumidza kupindura, kuita kwakavimbika, kushandiswa kuri nyore, hurongwa huri nyore uye kugadzirisa, uye inogona kutyaira yakananga imwe muchina chishandiso chemagetsi midziyo yemagetsi. Naizvozvo, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sechishandiso chekubatsira chekudzora manhamba. Parizvino, akawanda manhamba ekudzora masisitimu ane yemukati PLC yekugadzirisa iyo yekubatsira mirairo yeCNC muchina maturusi, nekudaro kurerutsa zvakanyanya yekubatsira kudzora mudziyo wemuchina chishandiso. Uye zvakare, muzviitiko zvakawanda, kuburikidza neakakosha anoshanda mamodule senge axis control module uye yekumisikidza module yePLC, iyo PLC inogona zvakare kushandiswa zvakananga kuwana nzvimbo yekutonga, mutsara kudzora, uye nyore contour control, kugadzira yakakosha CNC muchina maturusi kana CNC mitsara yekugadzira.
Iko Kuumbwa uye Kugadzirisa Nheyo yeCNC Machine Zvishandiso
Iyo Yekutanga Kuumbwa kweCNC Machine Zvishandiso
CNC muchina maturusi ndiwo akajairika manhamba ekudzora midziyo. Kujekesa iyo yakakosha kuumbwa kweCNC muchina maturusi, zvinofanirwa kutanga waongorora maitiro ekushanda eCNC muchina maturusi ekugadzirisa zvikamu. Pa CNC muchina maturusi, kugadzirisa zvikamu, anotevera matanho anogona kuitwa:
Zvinoenderana nedhirowa uye hurongwa hwemagadzirirwo ezvikamu zvichagadziriswa, uchishandisa macode akatarwa uye mafomati ehurongwa, nyora mafambiro ezvishandiso, magadzirirwo ezvishandiso, maitiro ekugadzirisa, kucheka paramita, nezvimwewo mufomu rekuraira rinozivikanwa nenhamba yekudzora system, ndiko kuti, nyora chirongwa chekugadzirisa.
Isa iyo yakanyorwa yekugadzirisa chirongwa munhamba yekudzora mudziyo.
Iyo nhamba yekudzora mudziyo inodhirodha uye inogadzirisa chirongwa chekuisa (kodhi) uye inotumira inoenderana masaini ekudzora kune servo drive zvishandiso uye yekubatsira basa rekudzora maturusi ega ega axis inoronga kudzora kufamba kwechimwe nechimwe chikamu chemuchina chishandiso.
Munguva yekufamba, iyo nhamba yekudzora hurongwa inoda kuona nzvimbo yeanorongedzerwa maaxes emuchina chishandiso, mamiriro ekufamba switch, nezvimwewo chero nguva, uye ozvienzanisa nezvinodiwa zvechirongwa kuti uone chiito chinotevera kusvika zvikamu zvinofanirwa zvagadziriswa.
Mushandi anogona kuona uye kuongorora mamiriro ekugadzirisa uye mamiriro ekushanda emuchina chishandiso chero nguva. Kana zvichidikanwa, zvigadziriso zvechishandiso chemuchina zviito uye zvirongwa zvekugadzirisa zvinodikanwa zvakare kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kwakavimbika kushanda kwemuchina chishandiso.
Zvinogona kuoneka kuti seyakakosha kuumbwa kweCNC muchina chishandiso, inofanirwa kusanganisira: yekuisa / yekubuditsa zvishandiso, manhamba ekudzora maturusi, servo madhiraivha uye madhiraivha emhinduro, ekubatsira ekudzora maturusi, uye muchina chishandiso muviri.
Kuumbwa kweCNC Machine Zvishandiso
Iyo nhamba yekudzora sisitimu inoshandiswa kuwana kugadzirisa kutonga kwemuchina wekushandisa. Parizvino, mazhinji emanhamba ekudzora masisitimu anotora komputa nhamba yekudzora (kureva, CNC). Iyo yekupinza / yekuburitsa mudziyo, nhamba yekudzora mudziyo, servo drive, uye mhinduro mudziyo mumufananidzo pamwe chete inoumba muchina chishandiso chenhamba yekudzora system, uye basa rayo rakatsanangurwa pamusoro. Zvinotevera zvinosuma zvimwe zvikamu.
Chiyero chemhinduro mudziyo: Ndiyo yekuona link yeyakavharwa-loop (semi-yakavharwa-loop) CNC muchina chishandiso. Basa rayo ndere kuona kumhanya uye kusimuka kweiyo chaiyo kusimuka kweiyo actuator (senge inobata chishandiso) kana iyo yekushanda kuburikidza nemazuva ano ekuyera zvinhu senge pulse encoder, solvers, induction synchronizers, gratings, magineti zviyero, uye laser yekuyeresa zviridzwa, uye kuvadzoreredza kune servo drive mudziyo kana kuenzanisa nhamba yekudzora chigadziriso chekufambisa chigadziriso, kana kuenzanisa nhamba yekudzora dhizaini. chinangwa chekuvandudza kururamisa kwemaitiro ekufambisa. Nzvimbo yekuisa yemudziyo wekuona uye nzvimbo iyo chiratidzo chekuona chinodyiswa kumashure zvinoenderana nechimiro cheiyo nhamba yekudzora system. Servo yakavakirwa-mukati pulse encoder, tachometers, uye linear gratings anowanzo shandiswa kuona zvikamu.
Nekuda kwekuti masevhisi epamberi ese anotora tekinoroji servo drive tekinoroji (inonzi servo yedhijitari), bhazi rinowanzo shandiswa kubatanidza pakati pe servo drive uye nhamba yekudzora mudziyo; kazhinji, chiratidzo chemhinduro chakabatana kune servo drive uye chinotumirwa kune nhamba yekudzora mudziyo kuburikidza nebhazi. Munguva shoma chete kana pakushandisa analog servo madhiraivha (anowanzozivikanwa seanalog servo), mudziyo wemhinduro unofanirwa kuve wakabatana zvakananga kune nhamba yekudzora mudziyo.
Yekubatsira kudzora mameshini uye nzira yekufambisa yekudyisa: Inowanikwa pakati penhamba yekudzora mudziyo uye mechanika uye hydraulic zvikamu zvemuchina chishandiso. Basa rayo guru nderekugamuchira spindle kumhanya, kutungamira, uye kutanga/kumisa mirairo inobuda nenhamba yekudzora mudziyo; kusarudzwa kwezvishandiso uye mirairo yekuchinjana; kutanga/kumisa mirairo yekutonhodza nemafuta ekuzora; masaini ekubatsira masaini senge kusunungura uye kusungirirwa kwezvishandiso uye maturusi emuchina, indexing yetafura yekushanda, uye masiginecha emamiriro ekuona switch pane muchina chishandiso. Mushure mekubatanidza kwakakodzera, kutonga zvine musoro, uye kukwidziridzwa kwesimba, iwo anoenderana actuators anotyairwa zvakananga kutyaira izvo zvemakanika zvikamu, hydraulic, uye pneumatic yekubatsira zvishandiso zvemuchina chishandiso kupedzisa zviito zvakatsanangurwa nemirairo. Iyo inowanzo umbwa nePLC uye yakasimba ikozvino kudzora wedunhu. Iyo PLC inogona kubatanidzwa neCNC muchimiro (yakavakirwa-mukati PLC) kana yakazvimiririra (yekunze PLC).
Muviri wemuchina wemuchina, kureva, chimiro chemuchina weCNC muchina chishandiso, inoumbwa zvakare nemahombe dhiraivha masisitimu, madhiraivha masisitimu, mibhedha, matafura ekushanda, anobatsira ekufambisa maturusi, hydraulic uye pneumatic system, lubrication masisitimu, kutonhora midziyo, chip kubviswa, masisitimu ekudzivirira, uye zvimwe zvikamu. Nekudaro, kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekudzora nhamba uye kupa kutamba kwakazara pakuita kwechishandiso chemuchina, yakave neshanduko huru maererano nehurongwa hwese, dhizaini yekutaridzika, dhizaini sisitimu, sisitimu yekushandisa, uye mashandiro ekushanda. Iwo emakakanika emuchina chishandiso anosanganisira mubhedha, bhokisi, koramu, njanji yekutungamira, yekushanda, spindle, feed mechanism, chishandiso chekuchinjana michina, nezvimwe.
Iyo Nheyo yeCNC Machining
Pane zvechinyakare simbi yekucheka maturusi emuchina, kana uchigadzira zvikamu, mushandisi anofanirwa kuramba achichinja maparameter akadai seyekufamba trajectory uye kumhanya kwechishandiso zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekudhirowa, kuitira kuti chishandiso chiite kucheka kucheka pane workpiece uye pakupedzisira kugadzirisa zvikamu zvinofanirwa.
Kugadziriswa kweCNC muchina maturusi anonyanya kushandisa iyo "musiyano" musimboti. Nheyo yekushanda kwayo uye maitiro anogona kutsanangurwa muchidimbu sezvinotevera:
Zvinoenderana neturusi trajectory inodiwa nechirongwa chekugadzirisa, chigadziriso chenhamba chinosiyanisa nzira inoenderana neakoni inoenderana neakisi yemuchina wemuchina nehuwandu hwekufamba (pulse yakaenzana) (△X, △Y muFigure 1-2) uye inoverengera nhamba yemapulses ayo imwe neimwe axis inorongedza inoda kufamba.
Kuburikidza ne "interpolation" software kana "interpolation" calculator yenhamba yekudzora mudziyo, trajectory inodiwa inoiswa neakaenzana polyline muzvikamu zve "minimum movement unit" uye iyo yakashongedzwa polyline iri padyo neiyo theoretical trajectory inowanikwa.
Zvinoenderana neiyo trajectory yepolyline yakaiswa, iyo nhamba yekudzora mudziyo inoramba ichigovera pulses kune inoenderana coorder maaxes uye inogonesa kurongeka kwematemo emuchina chishandiso kufamba zvinoenderana neakagoverwa pulses kuburikidza neservo drive.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti: Chekutanga, chero bedzi iyo shoma yekufamba huwandu (pulse yakaenzana) yeCNC muchina chishandiso idiki zvakaringana, iyo yakashongedzwa polyline inoshandiswa inogona kutsiva yakaenzana panzvimbo yetioretical curve. Chechipiri, chero bedzi iyo pulse allocation nzira ye coordination axes yakashandurwa, chimiro chepolyline yakasungirirwa inogona kuchinjwa, nokudaro kuzadzisa chinangwa chekushandura nzira yekugadzirisa. Chechitatu, sekunge kuwanda kwe…