"Zvinodiwa uye Matanho eKugadziridza eFeed Transmission Mechanism yeCNC Machine Zvishandiso"
Mukugadzira kwemazuva ano, CNC muchina maturusi ave akakosha ekugadzirisa midziyo nekuda kwemabhenefiti ayo akadai seyakanyanya kurongeka, kunyatsoita basa, uye yakakwirira degree re otomatiki. Iyo feed transmission system yeCNC muchina maturusi anowanzo shanda ne servo feed system, iyo inoita basa rakakosha. Zvinoenderana nemirairo yemirairo inofambiswa kubva kuCNC system, inokwidziridza uye yobva yadzora kufamba kwezvinoita zvinhu. Izvo hazvidi chete kunyatso kudzora kumhanya kwechikafu chekufamba asi zvakare kudzora nemazvo nzvimbo inofamba uye trajectory yechishandiso chine chekuita neworkpiece.
Iyo yakajairwa yakavharwa-loop inodzorwa feed system yemuchina weCNC muchina inonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zvakati wandei senge kuenzanisa chinzvimbo, zvikamu zvekusimudzira, mayuniti ekutyaira, michina yekufambisira chikafu, uye yekuona maitiro emhinduro. Pakati pazvo, iyo mechanic feed transmission mechanism ndiyo yese mechanical transmission chain inoshandura kutenderera kweiyo servo mota kuita mutsara wekudyisa mafambiro eiyo inoshanda uye inobata chishandiso, kusanganisira yekudzikisa michina, lead screw uye nzungu peya, gidhi zvikamu uye zvikamu zvadzo zvinotsigira. Sechinhu chakakosha chinongedzo mune servo system, iyo yekudyisa maturusi eCNC muchina maturusi haafanire kungove nepamusoro penzvimbo chaiyo asi zvakare kuve neakanaka simba rekupindura maitiro. Mhinduro yegadziriro yekutevera masaini ekuraira inofanirwa kukurumidza uye kugadzikana kunofanirwa kuve kwakanaka.
Kuti ive nechokwadi chekutapurirana chaiko, kugadzikana kwehurongwa, uye hunhu hwekupindura hwechikafu cheyakamira machining nzvimbo, nhevedzano yezvakasimba zvinodiwa inoiswa pamberi pechikafu chekudya:
I. Zvinodiwa pasina gap
Transmission gap inotungamira kudzoreredza chikanganiso chenzvimbo yakafa uye kukanganisa kurongeka kwekugadzirisa. Kubvisa gaka rekutapurirana zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, nzira dzakaita sekushandisa chinongedzo shaft ine gap kubviswa uye kufambisa pairi nematanho ekubvisa gap anogona kutorwa. Semuenzaniso, mu lead screw uye nut pair, iyo kaviri-nut preloading nzira inogona kushandiswa kubvisa gaka nekugadzirisa hukama pakati penzungu mbiri. Panguva imwecheteyo, kune zvikamu zvakadai semagiya ekutepfenyura, nzira dzakadai sekugadzirisa shims kana elastic zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswawo kubvisa gaka kuti ive nechokwadi chekutapurirana.
Transmission gap inotungamira kudzoreredza chikanganiso chenzvimbo yakafa uye kukanganisa kurongeka kwekugadzirisa. Kubvisa gaka rekutapurirana zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, nzira dzakaita sekushandisa chinongedzo shaft ine gap kubviswa uye kufambisa pairi nematanho ekubvisa gap anogona kutorwa. Semuenzaniso, mu lead screw uye nut pair, iyo kaviri-nut preloading nzira inogona kushandiswa kubvisa gaka nekugadzirisa hukama pakati penzungu mbiri. Panguva imwecheteyo, kune zvikamu zvakadai semagiya ekutepfenyura, nzira dzakadai sekugadzirisa shims kana elastic zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswawo kubvisa gaka kuti ive nechokwadi chekutapurirana.
II. Chinodiwa kune yakaderera friction
Kutora yakaderera-friction yekufambisa nzira inogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba, kunatsiridza kutapurirana kunyatsoita, uye zvakare kubatsira kuvandudza kukurumidza kwekupindura uye kurongeka kwehurongwa. Nzira dzakajairika dzekutapurirana dzepasi-friction dzinosanganisira hydrostatic dhairekitori, rolling guides, uye bhora screws.
Kutora yakaderera-friction yekufambisa nzira inogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba, kunatsiridza kutapurirana kunyatsoita, uye zvakare kubatsira kuvandudza kukurumidza kwekupindura uye kurongeka kwehurongwa. Nzira dzakajairika dzekutapurirana dzepasi-friction dzinosanganisira hydrostatic dhairekitori, rolling guides, uye bhora screws.
Madhairekitori eHydrostatic anoumba denderedzwa remafuta ekumanikidza firimu pakati penzvimbo inotungamira kuti iwane isingabatane inotsvedza nekukwesha kudiki. Madhairekitori anotenderedza anoshandisa kukunguruka kwezvinhu panjanji yegwara kutsiva kutsvedza, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kupokana. Ball screws zvinhu zvakakosha zvinoshandura kutenderera kwekufamba kuita linear motion. Mabhora anokunguruka pakati pesiruu yekutungamirira nenati ine yakaderera friction coefficient uye yakakwirira kutapurirana zvakanaka. Izvi zvakaderera-friction transmission components zvinogona kunyatso kudzikisa kushorwa kwechikafu chekudya panguva yekufamba uye kugadzirisa mashandiro ehurongwa.
III. Chinodiwa chepasi inertia
Kuti uvandudze chigadziriso chechishandiso chemuchina uye kuita kuti worktable ikurumidze zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kuti uwane chinangwa chekutevera mirairo, iyo nguva yeinertia inoshandurwa kudhiraivha shaft neiyo system inofanira kunge idiki sezvinobvira. Ichi chinodiwa chinogona kuwanikwa nekusarudza iyo optimal transmission ratio. Kusarudza zvine musoro chiyero chekufambisa kunogona kuderedza iyo sisitimu nguva ye inertia uchisangana nezvinodiwa zve worktable kufamba kumhanya uye kukurumidza. Semuenzaniso, kana uchigadzira mudziyo wekudzikisa, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo, chiyero chegiya chakakodzera kana bhandi pulley reshiyo inogona kusarudzwa kuti ienderane nekubuda kweiyo servo mota nekumhanya kwekufamba kweiyo worktable uye kuderedza nguva yeinertia panguva imwe chete.
Kuti uvandudze chigadziriso chechishandiso chemuchina uye kuita kuti worktable ikurumidze zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kuti uwane chinangwa chekutevera mirairo, iyo nguva yeinertia inoshandurwa kudhiraivha shaft neiyo system inofanira kunge idiki sezvinobvira. Ichi chinodiwa chinogona kuwanikwa nekusarudza iyo optimal transmission ratio. Kusarudza zvine musoro chiyero chekufambisa kunogona kuderedza iyo sisitimu nguva ye inertia uchisangana nezvinodiwa zve worktable kufamba kumhanya uye kukurumidza. Semuenzaniso, kana uchigadzira mudziyo wekudzikisa, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo, chiyero chegiya chakakodzera kana bhandi pulley reshiyo inogona kusarudzwa kuti ienderane nekubuda kweiyo servo mota nekumhanya kwekufamba kweiyo worktable uye kuderedza nguva yeinertia panguva imwe chete.
Uye zvakare, iyo yakareruka dhizaini dhizaini inogona zvakare kugamuchirwa, uye zvinhu zvine huremu huremu zvinogona kusarudzwa kugadzira zvinhu zvekufambisa. Semuyenzaniso, kushandisa zvinhu zvakareruka senge aruminiyamu alloy kugadzira lead screw uye nzungu peya uye ekutungamira zvikamu zvinogona kuderedza inertia yese yehurongwa.
IV. Chinodiwa chekuoma kwepamusoro
Iyo yakakwirira-yakaomeswa yekufambisa sisitimu inogona kuve nechokwadi chekupokana nekupindira kwekunze panguva yekugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza yakagadzika kugadzirisa kurongeka. Kuvandudza kuoma kweiyo nzira yekufambisa, matanho anotevera anogona kutorwa:
Pfupisa cheni yekutapurirana: Kudzikisa ekutapurirana zvinongedzo kunogona kuderedza elastic deformation ye system uye kunatsiridza kuoma. Semuyenzaniso, kushandisa nzira yekutyaira yakananga screw nemotor inochengetedza epakati ekufambisa zvinongedzo, inoderedza kutapurirana zvikanganiso uye elastic deformation, uye inovandudza kuoma kwehurongwa.
Kuvandudza kuomarara kweiyo yekutapurirana sisitimu nekutanga kurodha: Yekutenderedza madhairekitori uye bhora screw pairs, nzira yakafanorongedzwa inogona kushandiswa kugadzira imwe preload pakati pezvinhu zvinotenderedza uye njanji yekutungamira kana masikuru ekutungamirira kuvandudza kusimba kwehurongwa. Iyo lead screw support yakagadzirirwa kugadzikwa pamativi ese uye inogona kuve ne pre-yakatambanudzwa chimiro. Nekushandisa imwe pre-tension kune lead screw, iyo axial simba panguva yekushanda inogona kupikiswa uye kuoma kweiyo lead screw inogona kuvandudzwa.
Iyo yakakwirira-yakaomeswa yekufambisa sisitimu inogona kuve nechokwadi chekupokana nekupindira kwekunze panguva yekugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza yakagadzika kugadzirisa kurongeka. Kuvandudza kuoma kweiyo nzira yekufambisa, matanho anotevera anogona kutorwa:
Pfupisa cheni yekutapurirana: Kudzikisa ekutapurirana zvinongedzo kunogona kuderedza elastic deformation ye system uye kunatsiridza kuoma. Semuyenzaniso, kushandisa nzira yekutyaira yakananga screw nemotor inochengetedza epakati ekufambisa zvinongedzo, inoderedza kutapurirana zvikanganiso uye elastic deformation, uye inovandudza kuoma kwehurongwa.
Kuvandudza kuomarara kweiyo yekutapurirana sisitimu nekutanga kurodha: Yekutenderedza madhairekitori uye bhora screw pairs, nzira yakafanorongedzwa inogona kushandiswa kugadzira imwe preload pakati pezvinhu zvinotenderedza uye njanji yekutungamira kana masikuru ekutungamirira kuvandudza kusimba kwehurongwa. Iyo lead screw support yakagadzirirwa kugadzikwa pamativi ese uye inogona kuve ne pre-yakatambanudzwa chimiro. Nekushandisa imwe pre-tension kune lead screw, iyo axial simba panguva yekushanda inogona kupikiswa uye kuoma kweiyo lead screw inogona kuvandudzwa.
V. Chinodiwa chepamusoro resonant frequency
Iyo yakakwirira resonant frequency inoreva kuti sisitimu inogona kukurumidza kudzoka kune yakagadzikana mamiriro kana ichiiswa kunze kwekukanganiswa uye ine yakanaka vibration kuramba. Kuti uvandudze resonant frequency yeiyo system, zvinotevera zvinhu zvinogona kutangwa:
Natsiridza dhizaini yezvimiro zvekutapurirana: Gadzira zvine mutsindo chimiro uye saizi yezvinotapurirana zvinhu senge lead screws uye njanji yekutungamira kuti ivandudze mafambiro azvo echisikigo. Semuyenzaniso, kushandisa hollow lead screw kunogona kuderedza huremu uye kunatsiridza maitikiro echisikigo.
Sarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera: Sarudza zvinhu zvine yakakwira elastic modulus uye yakaderera density, senge titanium alloy, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza kuomarara uye neakasikwa frequency yekutakura zvinhu.
Wedzera kunyorova: Kuwedzera kwakaringana kwekunyorova muhurongwa kunogona kushandisa simba rekuzunguza, kuderedza resonant peak, uye kugadzirisa kugadzikana kwehurongwa. Kunyorova kwehurongwa kunogona kuwedzerwa nekushandisa zvinhu zvinonyorovesa uye nekuisa madhamu.
Iyo yakakwirira resonant frequency inoreva kuti sisitimu inogona kukurumidza kudzoka kune yakagadzikana mamiriro kana ichiiswa kunze kwekukanganiswa uye ine yakanaka vibration kuramba. Kuti uvandudze resonant frequency yeiyo system, zvinotevera zvinhu zvinogona kutangwa:
Natsiridza dhizaini yezvimiro zvekutapurirana: Gadzira zvine mutsindo chimiro uye saizi yezvinotapurirana zvinhu senge lead screws uye njanji yekutungamira kuti ivandudze mafambiro azvo echisikigo. Semuyenzaniso, kushandisa hollow lead screw kunogona kuderedza huremu uye kunatsiridza maitikiro echisikigo.
Sarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera: Sarudza zvinhu zvine yakakwira elastic modulus uye yakaderera density, senge titanium alloy, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza kuomarara uye neakasikwa frequency yekutakura zvinhu.
Wedzera kunyorova: Kuwedzera kwakaringana kwekunyorova muhurongwa kunogona kushandisa simba rekuzunguza, kuderedza resonant peak, uye kugadzirisa kugadzikana kwehurongwa. Kunyorova kwehurongwa kunogona kuwedzerwa nekushandisa zvinhu zvinonyorovesa uye nekuisa madhamu.
VI. Zvinodiwa zvakakodzera damping ratio
Iyo yakakodzera yekunyorovesa reshiyo inogona kuita kuti sisitimu ikurumidze kudzikama mushure mekuvhiringidzwa pasina kunyanyisa attenuation yekudengenyeka. Kuti uwane chiyero chakakodzera chekunyorova, kudzora kweyero yekunyorovesa kunogona kuwanikwa nekugadzirisa masisitimu maparamita senge maparamita e damper uye friction coefficient yezvikamu zvekutumira.
Iyo yakakodzera yekunyorovesa reshiyo inogona kuita kuti sisitimu ikurumidze kudzikama mushure mekuvhiringidzwa pasina kunyanyisa attenuation yekudengenyeka. Kuti uwane chiyero chakakodzera chekunyorova, kudzora kweyero yekunyorovesa kunogona kuwanikwa nekugadzirisa masisitimu maparamita senge maparamita e damper uye friction coefficient yezvikamu zvekutumira.
Muchidimbu, kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba zveCNC muchina maturusi ekufambisa nzira dzekufambisa, nhevedzano yematanho ekugadzirisa inofanirwa kutorwa. Matanho aya haangogone chete kugadzirisa kurongeka uye kushanda zvakanaka kwematurusi emuchina asi zvakare kusimudzira kugadzikana uye kuvimbika kwemidziyo yemuchina, ichipa rutsigiro rwakasimba mukusimudzira kugadzirwa kwemazuva ano.
Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, zvinodikanwa zvakare kunyatso tarisa zvakasiyana zvinhu zvinoenderana nechaicho chekugadzirisa zvinodiwa uye hunhu hwematurusi emuchina uye sarudza yakanyatsokodzera nzira yekufambisa yekudya uye matanho ekugadzirisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuenderera mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, zvinhu zvitsva, matekinoroji, uye dhizaini pfungwa dzinogara dzichibuda, izvo zvinopawo nzvimbo yakafara yekuenderera mberi nekuvandudza mashandiro ezvekufambisa nzira dzeCNC muchina maturusi. Mune ramangwana, nzira yekufambisa yekudyisa yeCNC muchina maturusi icharamba ichikura munzira yekumusoro chaiyo, kumhanya kwepamusoro, uye kuvimbika kwepamusoro.