Nheyo uye Matanho eOtomatiki Tool Shanduko muCNC Machining Centers
Abstract: Iri bepa rinotsanangudza zvakadzama pamusoro pekukosha kweiyo otomatiki chishandiso chekushandura mudziyo muCNC machining nzvimbo, musimboti we otomatiki shanduko yezvishandiso, uye matanho chaiwo, anosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita sekurodha maturusi, kusarudza maturusi, uye shanduko yekushandisa. Ine chinangwa chekuongorora zvakadzama tekinoroji yekushandura tekinoroji, kupa rutsigiro rwedzidziso uye nhungamiro inoshanda yekuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzirisa uye kurongeka kweCNC machining nzvimbo, kubatsira vashandisi kunzwisisa zviri nani uye kugona iyi kiyi tekinoroji, uyezve kusimudzira kugona kwekugadzira uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa.
I. Nhanganyaya
Semidziyo yakakosha mukugadzira kwemazuva ano, CNC machining nzvimbo dzinoita basa rakakosha nemidziyo yavo otomatiki yekushandura maturusi, kucheka maturusi masisitimu, uye otomatiki pallet chenji. Iko kushandiswa kwezvishandiso izvi kunoita kuti machining nzvimbo apedze kugadziridzwa kweakawanda akasiyana mativi echishandiso mushure mekuiswa kumwe chete, kudzikisa zvakanyanya kusiri-kukanganisa nguva, kupfupisa zvinobudirira kutenderera kwekugadzira chigadzirwa, uye zvakare kuve nekukosha kwakakosha kwekuvandudza kurongeka kwezvigadzirwa. Sechikamu chepakati pakati pavo, kuita kweiyo otomatiki chishandiso chekushandura mudziyo kwakanangana nedanho rekugadzirisa kushanda. Naizvozvo, tsvakiridzo yakadzama pamusimboti nematanho ayo ane kukosha kwakakosha kunoshanda.
II. Nheyo yeOtomatiki Tool Shanduko muCNC Machining Centers
(I) Basic Maitiro eChishandiso Shanduko
Kunyangwe paine mhando dzakasiyana dzemagazini ezvishandiso muCNC machining nzvimbo, senge disc-mhando maturusi emagazini uye cheni-mhando yechishandiso magazini, iyo yakakosha maitiro ekuchinja chishandiso anowirirana. Kana iyo otomatiki chishandiso chekushandura mudziyo inogamuchira chishandiso chekuchinja kuraira, iyo system yese inokurumidza kutanga chirongwa chekuchinja chishandiso. Chekutanga, iyo spindle inobva yamira kutenderera uye kunyatsomira pane preset chishandiso shanduko chinzvimbo kuburikidza nepamusoro-chaiyo yekumisikidza sisitimu. Mushure mezvo, chishandiso chekuisa unclamping chinoitwa kuti chigadzirise chishandiso pane chinotenderera mune chinotsiviwa. Zvichakadaro, maererano nemirayiridzo yehurongwa hwekutonga, magazini yezvishandiso inotyaira zvigadziriso zvinoenderana nekukurumidzira uye nemazvo kufambisa chishandiso chitsva kunzvimbo yekuchinja chishandiso uye inoitawo chishandiso unclamping oparesheni. Zvadaro, iyo mbiri-ruoko manipulator inokurumidza kuita kuti ibate nemazvo zvishandiso zvitsva uye zvekare panguva imwe chete. Mushure mekunge tafura yekutsinhana kwezvishandiso ichitenderera kune iyo chaiyo chinzvimbo, manipulator anoisa chishandiso chitsva pane spindle uye anoisa chishandiso chekare munzvimbo isina chinhu yemagazini yekushandisa. Pakupedzisira, iyo spindle inoita iyo clamping chiito kuti ibatisise chishandiso chitsva uye inodzokera kunzvimbo yekutanga yekugadzirisa pasi pemirayiridzo yehurongwa hwekutonga, nekudaro ichipedzisa iyo yese yekuchinja chishandiso.
(II) Kuongororwa kweTool Movement
Munguva yekuchinja kwechishandiso munzvimbo yekugadzira machining, kufamba kwechishandiso kunonyanya kuve nezvikamu zvina zvakakosha:
- Tool Inomira neSpindle uye Inoenda kuChishandiso Shandura Position: Iyi nzira inoda kuti spindle imire kutenderera nekukurumidza uye nemazvo uye iende kune chaiyo yekuchinja chishandiso kuburikidza neinofambisa sisitimu yemashini ekubatanidza matemo. Kazhinji, kufamba uku kunowanikwa nemuchina wekutumira senge screw-nut pair inotyairwa nemota kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kurongeka kweiyo spindle kunosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa.
- Kufambisa Kwechishandiso muMagazini Yemudziyo: Mafambiro echishandiso mumagazini yemidziyo zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemagazini yemidziyo. Semuenzaniso, mune cheni-yemhando yekushandisa magazini, chishandiso chinoenda kune yakatarwa chinzvimbo pamwe nekutenderera kwecheni. Kuita uku kunoda mota yekutyaira yemagazini yekushandisa kunyatso kudzora kona yekutenderera uye kumhanya kwecheni kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chishandiso chinogona kusvika pachinzvimbo chekuchinja chishandiso nemazvo. Mumagazini yedhisiki yemhando yedhisiki, kuiswa kwechishandiso kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekutenderera kwechigadzirwa chemagazini.
- Shandura Movement yeChishandiso neChishandiso Chekushandura Manipulator: Kufamba kwechishandiso chekushandura manipulator kwakaoma sezvo kuchida kuzadzisa zvese zvinotenderera uye mutsara mafambiro. Munguva yekubata kwechishandiso uye matanho ekuburitsa maturusi, manipulator inofanirwa kusvika nekusiya chishandiso kuburikidza nemafambiro chaiwo emutsetse. Kazhinji, izvi zvinowanikwa neiyo rack uye pinion mechanism inofambiswa ne hydraulic cylinder kana air cylinder, iyo inozotyaira ruoko rwemuchina kuti uwane mutsara wekufamba. Munguva yekubvisa chishandiso uye nhanho yekuisa chishandiso, kuwedzera kune mutsara kufamba, manipulator inodawo kuita imwe kona yekutenderera kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chishandiso chinogona kubviswa zvakanaka kubva nekupinzwa muspindle kana magazini yechishandiso. Uku kutenderera kwekufamba kunowanikwa kuburikidza nekubatana pakati peiyo mechanical ruoko uye giya shaft, inosanganisira kushandurwa kwekinematic pairs.
- Kufambisa Kwechishandiso Kudzokera Kunzvimbo Yekugadzirisa ne 主轴: Mushure mekunge shanduko yemudziyo yapera, spindle inoda kukurumidza kudzoka kunzvimbo yekutanga yekugadzirisa nechishandiso chitsva kuti uenderere mberi neanotevera mashandiro ekugadzirisa. Iyi nzira inofanana nekufamba kwechombo ichienda panzvimbo yekuchinja chombo asi ichienda kune rimwe divi. Inodawo kumira kwepamusoro-soro uye mhinduro inokurumidza kuderedza nguva yekudzikisa panguva yekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa kushanda zvakanaka.
III. Matanho eOtomatiki Tool Shanduko muCNC Machining Centers
(I) Tool Loading
- Random Tool Holder Loading Method
Ichi chishandiso chekurodha nzira ine yakakwira kuchinjika. Vashandi vanogona kuisa maturusi mune chero mudziyo unobata mumagazini yekushandisa. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mushure mekuiswa kwechishandiso kwapera, nhamba yemubati wemidziyo panowanikwa mudziyo unofanirwa kunyorwa nenzira kwayo kuitira kuti hurongwa hwekutonga hunyatso kuwana uye kudana chishandiso zvinoenderana nemirairo yechirongwa muchirongwa chinotevera chekugadzirisa. Semuenzaniso, mune imwe yakaoma mold processing, maturusi angangoda kuchinjwa kazhinji zvichienderana neakasiyana maitiro ekugadzirisa. Mune ino kesi, iyo isina kujairika inobata chibatiso nzira yekurodha inokwanisa kuronga zviri nyore nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza maturusi zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo uye kugadzirisa chishandiso kurodha kunyatsoshanda. - Fixed Tool Holder Loading Method
Yakasiyana kubva kune yakangoerekana yabata turusi nzira yekurodha, iyo yakamisikidzwa inobata chishandiso nzira yekurodha inoda kuti maturusi aiswe mune preset chaiyo maturusi ekubata. Kubatsira kweiyi nzira ndeyekuti nzvimbo dzekuchengetera maturusi dzakagadziriswa, izvo zviri nyore kuti vashandisi vayeuke uye vatarise, uye zvakare inobatsira kune nekukurumidza chinzvimbo uye kufona kwezvishandiso neiyo control system. Mune mamwe mabheji ekugadzira ekugadzira mabasa, kana maitiro ekugadzirisa akagadziriswa, kutora iyo yakagadziriswa mudziyo wekutakura nzira yekurodha inogona kuvandudza kugadzikana uye kuvimbika kwekugadzirisa uye kuderedza tsaona dzekugadzirisa dzinokonzerwa nezvisina zvisizvo zvekuchengetedza maturusi zvinzvimbo.
(II) Kusarudzwa kweTool
Kusarudzwa kwechishandiso ndicho chinongedzo chakakosha mune otomatiki chishandiso chekuchinja maitiro, uye chinangwa chayo ndechekukurumidza uye nemazvo kusarudza chishandiso chakatsanangurwa kubva mumagazini yekushandisa kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzirisa. Parizvino, pane kunyanya maviri anotevera akajairika maturusi nzira dzekusarudza:
- Sequential Tool Sarudzo
Iyo sequential tool yekusarudza nzira inoda kuti vashandisi vaise maturusi muvabati vezvishandiso zvakanyatsoenderana nekutevedzana kweiyo tekinoroji maitiro pakurodha maturusi. Munguva yekugadzira, iyo yekudzora system inotora maturusi chimwe nechimwe zvichienderana nekumisikidzwa kutevedzana kwezvishandiso uye kudzoserwa mumidziyo yekutanga yekushandisa mushure mekushandisa. Kubatsira kweiyi nzira yekusarudza chishandiso ndeyekuti iri nyore kushandisa uye ine mutengo wakaderera, uye inokodzera mamwe mabasa ekugadzirisa ane ari nyore kugadzirisa maitiro uye yakagadziriswa maturusi ekushandisa sequence. Semuenzaniso, mukugadziriswa kwezvimwe zvikamu zvakapfava shaft, mashoma maturusi munhevedzano yakatarwa angangodiwa. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo sequential tool yekusarudza nzira inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa uye inogona kuderedza mutengo uye kuoma kwemidziyo. - Random Tool Sarudzo
- Tool Holder Coding Tool Sarudzo
Iyi nzira yekusarudza chishandiso inosanganisira kukodha chega chega chibatiso mumagazini yeturusi uyezve kuisa maturusi anoenderana neanobata macode mumidziyo yakataurwa imwe neimwe. Pakuronga, vashandisi vanoshandisa kero T kuti vatsanangure kodhi yemudziyo wekushandisa panowanikwa chishandiso. Iyo yekudzora sisitimu inotyaira iyo magazini yekushandisa kuti ifambise iyo inoenderana chishandiso kune chishandiso chekuchinja chinzvimbo zvinoenderana neiyi coding ruzivo. Kubatsira kwechishandiso chekubata coding chishandiso chekusarudza nzira ndechekuti sarudzo yezvishandiso inoshanduka uye inogona kuchinjika kune mamwe mabasa ekugadzirisa ane akaomarara ekugadzirisa maitiro uye isina kurongeka mashandisirwo ekushandisa. Semuyenzaniso, mukugadziriswa kwezvimwe zvikamu zvakaoma zvendege, maturusi angangoda kuchinjwa kazhinji zvichienderana neakasiyana mativi ekugadzirisa uye maitiro ezvinodiwa, uye kutevedzana kwekushandisa kweturusi hakuna kugadziriswa. Mune ino kesi, chishandiso chekubata coding chishandiso nzira yekusarudza inogona nyore kuona iyo yekukurumidza kusarudzwa uye kutsiva kwezvishandiso uye kunatsiridza mashandiro ekugadzirisa. - Computer Memory Tool Sarudzo
Kusarudza komputa yekurangarira chishandiso ndiyo yakawedzera uye nehungwaru yekusarudza nzira. Pasi peiyi nzira, nhamba dzematurusi nenzvimbo dzadzo dzekuchengetera kana manhamba ezvishandiso zvinoyeukwa mumusoro wekombuta kana ndangariro yeanorongeka logic controller. Kana zvichidikanwa kushandura maturusi panguva yekugadzirisa, hurongwa hwekutonga huchawana zvakananga ruzivo rwechinzvimbo chezvishandiso kubva mundangariro maererano nemirayiridzo yepurogiramu uye kutyaira magazini yezvishandiso nekukurumidza uye nenzira kwayo kufambisa zvishandiso kune chishandiso chekuchinja chinzvimbo. Uyezve, sezvo shanduko yekero yekuchengetera chishandiso inogona kuyeukwa nekombuta munguva chaiyo, zvishandiso zvinogona kutorwa uye kudzoserwa kumashure zvisina tsarukano mumagazini yezvishandiso, zvakanyanya kuvandudza manejimendi ekugadzirisa uye kushandiswa kuchinjika kwezvishandiso. Iyi nzira yekusarudza maturusi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzemazuva ano dzepamusoro-chaizvo uye dzakanyanya-kunyatsoshanda CNC machining nzvimbo, kunyanya akakodzera kugadzirisa mabasa ane akaomarara ekugadzirisa maitiro uye akawanda marudzi ematurusi, sekugadziriswa kwezvikamu zvakaita semabhuroko emotokari ejini uye silinda misoro.
(III) Tool Shanduko
Chishandiso chekushandura chishandiso chinogona kukamurwa kuita anotevera mamiriro zvichienderana nemhando dzezvishandiso zvechishandiso pachirungu uye chishandiso chinotsiviwa mumagazini yemidziyo:
- Zvose Chishandiso chiri paSpindle uye Chishandiso Chekutsiviwa muMagazine yeTool zviri muRandom Tool Holders.
Muchiitiko ichi, nzira yekushandura dhizaini yakaita seiyi: Chekutanga, magazini yezvishandiso inoita basa rekusarudza chishandiso zvinoenderana nemirairo yehurongwa hwekudzora kukurumidza kufambisa chishandiso kuti chitsiviwe kune chinzvimbo chekuchinja chishandiso. Zvadaro, iyo kaviri-ruoko manipulator inotambanudzira kubata nemazvo chishandiso chitsva mumagazini yekushandisa uye chishandiso chekare pachirungu. Tevere, tafura yekutsinhana yezvishandiso inotenderera kutenderedza chishandiso chitsva uye chishandiso chekare kunzvimbo dzinoenderana dzeiyo spindle uye magazini yekushandisa zvichiteerana. Pakupedzisira, manipulator anopinza chishandiso chitsva murukungiso uye anochisunga, uye panguva imwe cheteyo, anoisa chishandiso chekare munzvimbo isina chinhu yemagazini yekushandisa kuti apedze chishandiso chekushandura mashandiro. Iyi nzira yekushandura chishandiso ine yakanyanya kuchinjika uye inokwanisa kuchinjika kune akasiyana siyana ekugadzirisa maitiro uye musanganiswa wezvishandiso, asi ine zvakakwirira zvinodiwa pakurongeka kweiyo manipulator uye nekumhanya kwekupindura kweiyo control system. - Chishandiso chiri paSpindle chakaiswa muFixed Tool Holder, uye Tool ichatsiviwa iri muRandom Tool Holder kana Fixed Tool Holder.
Maitiro ekusarudza maturusi akafanana neari pamusoro apa asina kujairika anobata mudziyo wekusarudza nzira. Paunenge uchishandura chishandiso, mushure mekutora chishandiso kubva pachirungiso, iyo magazini yekushandisa inoda kutenderedzwa pachine nguva kune chaiyo chinzvimbo chekugamuchira chirunguru chegiyo kuitira kuti chishandiso chekare chigone kudzoserwa nenzira kwayo kumagazini yekushandisa. Iyi nzira yekushandura chishandiso inonyanya kuwanda mune mamwe mabasa ekugadzirisa ane yakatemerwa magadzirirwo maitiro uye yakakwirira kushandiswa frequency kweiyo spindle chishandiso. Semuyenzaniso, mune mamwe mabhechi ekugadzira gomba maitirwo ekugadzirisa, chaiwo madhiri kana reamers anogona kushandiswa pachirukwa kwenguva yakareba. Mune ino kesi, kuisa iyo spindle chishandiso mune yakagadziriswa mudziyo inobata inogona kuvandudza kugadzikana uye kugona kwekugadzirisa. - Chishandiso chiri paSpindle chiri muRandom Tool Holder, uye Tool ichatsiviwa iri muFixed Tool Holder.
Iyo yekusarudza dhizaini zvakare yekusarudza chishandiso chakatsanangurwa kubva mumagazini yemidziyo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa. Kana uchichinja chishandiso, chishandiso chakatorwa kubva kuspindle chinotumirwa kune chiri pedyo chisina chinhu chishandiso chekushandisa chinotevera. Ichi chishandiso chekushandura nzira, kune imwe nhanho, inofunga kuchinjika kwechishandiso chekuchengetedza uye kureruka kwechishandiso chemagazini manejimendi. Iyo yakakodzera kune mamwe mabasa ekugadzirisa ane akaomesesa ekugadzirisa maitiro, akawanda marudzi ezvishandiso, uye yakaderera mashandisirwo emamwe maturusi. Semuenzaniso, mune kumwe kugadzira mold, maturusi akawanda ezvakasiyana-siyana anogona kushandiswa, asi mamwe maturusi akakosha anoshandiswa zvishoma. Muchiitiko ichi, kuisa maturusi aya muzvibatiso zvematurusi zvakagadzika uye kuchengeta midziyo yakashandiswa pachirungiso chiri pedyo kunogona kuvandudza mwero wekushandiswa kwenzvimbo yemagazini yezvishandiso uye kushandura mashandiro emudziyo.
IV. Mhedziso
Iyo musimboti uye nhanho dze otomatiki chishandiso shanduko muCNC machining nzvimbo yakaoma uye chaiyo sisitimu engineering, inosanganisira ruzivo rwehunyanzvi mundima dzakawanda senge mechaniki chimiro, magetsi kutonga, uye software programming. Kunzwisisa kwakadzama uye kugona kweiyo otomatiki chishandiso chekuchinja tekinoroji yakakosha zvikuru pakuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzirisa, kunyatsogadzirisa, uye kuvimbika kwemidziyo yeCNC machining nzvimbo. Nekuenderera mberi kwekusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, otomatiki maturusi ekuchinja maturusi eCNC machining nzvimbo achaenderera mberi nekuvandudza nekuvandudza, achienda kune kukurumidza kukurumidza, kurongeka kwepamusoro, uye nehungwaru hwakasimba kuzadzisa kudiwa kuri kukura kwekugadzirisa zvikamu zvakaoma uye kupa rutsigiro rwakasimba rwekusimudzira shanduko nekusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira. Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, vashandisi vanofanirwa kusarudza zvine musoro nzira dzekurodha maturusi, nzira dzekusarudza maturusi, uye nzira dzekuchinja maturusi zvinoenderana nehunhu uye zvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa mabasa kuti vashandise zvakanakira CNC machining nzvimbo, kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwemhando uye mhando yechigadzirwa. Zvichakadaro, vagadziri vemidziyo vanofanirwawo kuenderera mberi nekugadzirisa dhizaini nekugadzira maitiro e otomatiki maturusi ekuchinja maturusi kuti avandudze mashandiro uye kugadzikana kwemidziyo uye kupa vashandisi mhinduro dzepamusoro-soro uye dzinoshanda CNC machining.