Kuongorora kwakadzama kweyero chaiyo uye machining echokwadi zvinodiwa zvezvikamu zvakakosha zveCNC muchina maturusi
Mukugadzira kwemazuva ano, maturusi emuchina weCNC ave chinhu chikuru chekugadzira zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana nehupamhi hwazvo, kunyatsoshanda, uye dhigirii rekuita otomatiki. Iyo yekurongeka kweiyo CNC maturusi emuchina inotaridza zvakananga kunaka uye kuoma kwezvikamu zvavanogona kugadzirisa, uye machining echokwadi zvinodiwa zvezvikamu zvakakosha zvezvikamu zvakajairwa zvinotora basa rekuita mukusarudzwa kweCNC muchina maturusi.
CNC machine tools inogona kuiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwayo, kusanganisira nyore, kushanda zvakakwana, ultra precision, etc. Rudzi rumwe norumwe runogona kuwana mazinga akasiyana ekururama. Rakareruka CNC muchina maturusi achiri kushandiswa mune mamwe lathes uye milling muchina, ane shoma inofamba kugadziriswa 0.01mm, uye kufamba uye machining kururama kazhinji pamusoro (0.03-0.05) mm. Rudzi urwu rwechishandiso chemuchina wakakodzera mamwe mabasa emuchina ane akaderera chaizvo zvinodiwa.
Ultra precision CNC muchina maturusi anonyanya kushandiswa muyakakosha machining minda, uye iko kurongeka kwayo kunogona kusvika nhanho dzinokatyamadza pazasi 0.001mm. Iyi yemhando yepamusoro-yepamusoro-chaiyo muchina chishandiso inogona kugadzira yakanyatso mativi, ichisangana nezvinodiwa zvakaomesesa zvepamusoro-chaiyo uye yekucheka-kumucheto maindasitiri senge aerospace uye zvekurapa.
Pamusoro pekugadzika nechinangwa, CNC muchina maturusi anogona zvakare kuiswa muakajairwa uye nemazvo mhando zvichienderana nekurongeka. Paunenge uchiyedza kurongeka kweCNC muchina maturusi, kazhinji inosanganisira 20-30 zvinhu. Nekudaro, izvo zvinomiririra zvakanyanya uye hunhu zvinhu zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira imwechete axis yekumisikidza kurongeka, imwechete axis inodzokororwa yekumisikidza kurongeka, uye kutenderera kwechimedu chekuyedza chinogadzirwa neaviri kana anopfuura akabatana machining mademo.
Single axis positioning iko kurongeka inoreva kukanganisa kwemhando kana uchiisa chero poindi mukati meiyo axis sitiroko, uye chiratidzo chakakosha chinoratidza zvakananga kugona kwemuchina wemuchina chishandiso. Parizvino, pane mimwe misiyano mumirau, tsananguro, nzira dzekuyera, uye nzira dzekugadzirisa data dzechiratidzo ichi pakati penyika dzepasirese. Mukusuma data remuenzaniso wemhando dzakasiyana dzematurusi emuchina weCNC, zviyero zvakajairika zvinosanganisira American Standard (NAS), zviyero zvinokurudzirwa zveAmerican Machine Tool Manufacturers Association, German Standard (VDI), Japanese Standard (JIS), International Organisation for Standardization (ISO), uye China's National Standard (GB).
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pakati pezviyero izvi, chiyero cheJapan chinotsanangura chakaderera. Iyo yekuyera nzira yakavakirwa pane imwechete seti yakagadzikana data, uye ipapo kukosha kwekukanganisa kunomanikidzwa nehafu nekutora ± kukosha. Naizvozvo, kurongeka kwenzvimbo kuyerwa pachishandiswa nzira dzechiJapan dzekuyera kazhinji kunosiyana nekanopfuura kaviri zvichienzaniswa nemhedzisiro yakayerwa pachishandiswa mimwe mipimo. Nekudaro, mamwe mazinga, kunyangwe akasiyana mukugadzirisa data, ese anotevera mutemo wekukanganisa manhamba kuongorora kuyerwa uye kurongeka kwechokwadi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kune imwe nzvimbo yekumisikidza kukanganisa mune inodzoreka axis sitiroko yemuchina weCNC muchina, inofanirwa kuratidza mamiriro ekukanganisa ezviuru zvenguva yekumisikidza panguva yekushandiswa kwenguva refu kwechishandiso chemuchina. Nekudaro, mukuyera chaiko, nekuda kwekugumira mumamiriro ezvinhu, chete nhamba shoma yezviyero inogona kuitwa (kazhinji 5-7 nguva).
Iyo imwe axis yakadzokororwa yekumisikidza kurongeka inonyatso ratidza huchokwadi hwakazara hwechimwe nechimwe chinofamba chikamu cheaxis, kunyanya kuratidza kugadzikana kwekumira kweakisi pane chero nzvimbo yekumisikidza mukati meiyo sitiroko, iyo ine kukosha kukuru. Icho chiratidzo chakakosha chekuyera kana axis inogona kushanda zvakatsiga uye nekuvimbika. Mumazuva ano eCNC masisitimu, software kazhinji ine hupfumi hwekuripa mabasa, ayo anogona kudzoreredza zvakadzika zvikanganiso zvehurongwa hwese link pane cheni yekufambisa.
Semuenzaniso, iyo clearance, elastic deformation, uye kuomarara kwekubatana kwechimwe nechimwe chinongedzo mucheni yekutapurirana kucharatidza mafambiro akasiyana epakarepo zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita sehukuru hwemutoro webhenji rebasa, kureba kwechinhambwe chekufamba, uye kukurumidza kwekufamba kwakamira. Mune mamwe akavhurika-loop uye semi yakavharwa-loop feed servo masisitimu, iyo mechaniki yekutyaira zvikamu mushure mekuyera zvikamu zvinokanganiswa neakasiyana mutsaona zvinhu, zvichikonzera zvikanganiso zvakangoitika. Semuyenzaniso, kupisa kwekurebesa kwebhora screws kunogona kukonzera kudonha munzvimbo chaiyo yekumisikidza yebhenji rebasa.
Kuti tinyatso ongorora kuita kwechokwadi kweCNC muchina maturusi, kuwedzera kune imwechete axis echokwadi zviratidzo zvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvakakoshawo kuongorora huchokwadi hweakawanda axis yekubatanidza machining. Kunyatsoita milling cylindrical surfaces kana milling spatial spiral grooves (threads) chiratidzo chinogona kunyatso ongorora servo ichitevera mafambiro eCNC axes (mbiri kana matatu maaxes) uye basa rekududzira reCNC masisitimu mumaturusi emuchina. Iyo yakajairika nzira yekutonga ndeyekuyera kutenderera kweiyo machined cylindrical surface.
Mukuyedza kucheka kweCNC muchina maturusi, kugaya iyo oblique square mana mativi machining nzira zvakare inzira inoshanda yekutonga, iyo inogona kushandiswa kuongorora huchokwadi hwematemo maviri anodzoreka mumutsara wekududzira mafambiro. Munguva iyi yekucheka kwekuyedza, chigayo chekupedzisira chinoshandiswa pakuita machining chakamisikidzwa pane spindle yemuchina wemuchina, uye mufananidzo wedenderedzwa wakaiswa pabhenji rebasa unogayiwa. Pamaturusi emuchina madiki uye epakati, zvienzaniso zvedenderedzwa zvinowanzosarudzwa mukati mechikamu che ¥ 200 kusvika ¥ 300. Mushure mekupedza kugaya, isa mufananidzo wacho pamuyedzo wekutenderera woyera kutenderera kwenzvimbo yayo yakagadzirwa.
Nekutarisa uye kuongorora machining mhedzisiro, ruzivo rwakawanda rwakakosha nezve kurongeka uye kuita kwematurusi emuchina anogona kuwanikwa. Kana paine pachena milling cutter vibration mapatani pamilled cylindrical surface, inoratidza kusagadzikana kwekududzira kumhanya kwemuchina chishandiso; Kana paine kukanganisa kwakakura kweelliptical mukutenderera kunogadzirwa nekugaya, zvinoratidza kuti zvakawanikwa zveaviri anodzoreka axis masisitimu ekududzira mafambiro haaenderane; Pamusoro pedenderedzwa, kana pane zvibodzwa zvekumira panzvimbo iyo imwe neimwe axis inodzoreka inoshandura nzira (kureva, mukuenderera mberi kwekucheka kufamba, kana mafambiro ekudya akamira pane imwe nzvimbo, chishandiso chinoumba chikamu chidiki chesimbi yekucheka mamaki pane machining pamusoro), zvinoratidza kuti kumberi nekumashure kucheneswa kweakisi hakuna kugadziridzwa zvakanaka.
Iko kurongeka kwekutonga kweCNC muchina maturusi inzira yakaoma uye yakaoma, uye mamwe anotoda kuongororwa kwakaringana mushure mekugadzira machining. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iko kurongeka kwezvishandiso zvemuchina kunopesvedzerwa nekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana, zvinosanganisira dhizaini yechishandiso chemuchina, iko kurongeka kwekugadzira kwezvikamu, mhando yegungano, mashandiro ekutonga masisitimu, uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza panguva yekugadzira machining.
Panyaya yekugadzira dhizaini yezvishandiso zvemuchina, inonzwisisika dhizaini uye yakaomesesa dhizaini inogona kunyatso kudzikisa vibration uye deformation panguva yekugadzira machining, nekudaro ichivandudza machining iko. Semuyenzaniso, kushandisa yakakwirira-yakasimba mubhedha zvinhu, optimized column uye crossbeam zvimiro, nezvimwewo, zvinogona kubatsira kuwedzera kugadzikana kwese kwemuchina chishandiso.
Iko kurongeka kwekugadzira kwezvikamu kunoitawo basa rakakosha mukurongeka kwemidziyo yemuchina. Kurongeka kwezvinhu zvakakosha senge bhora screws, mitsara dhairekitori, uye spindles zvinotarisisa iko kurongeka kwekufamba kweimwe neimwe axis inofamba yemuchina chishandiso. Yemhando yepamusoro bhora screws inovimbisa chaiyo mutsara kufamba, nepo yakakwirira-chaiyo mitsara dhairekitori inopa yakatsetseka kutungamira.
Gungano remhando zvakare chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kurongeka kwemidziyo yemuchina. Mukugadzirisa kwechishandiso chemuchina, zvinodikanwa kunyatso kudzora ma parameter akadai sekukodzera kwakaringana, parallelism, uye verticality pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kuti ive nechokwadi chehukama hwekufamba pakati pezvikamu zvinofamba zvemuchina panguva yekushanda.
Kuita kweiyo control system kwakakosha pakurongeka kwematurusi emuchina. Yepamberi CNC masisitimu anogona kuwana yakanyatso kudzora chinzvimbo, kumhanya kudzora, uye kududzira mashandiro, nekudaro kuvandudza iko machining ezvishandiso zvemuchina. Zvichakadaro, iko kukanganisa muripo weiyo CNC system inogona kupa chaiyo-nguva muripo wezvikanganiso zvakasiyana zvemuchina chishandiso, zvichiwedzera kuvandudza machining iko.
Mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza panguva yekugadzira machining anogona zvakare kuve nemhedzisiro pakurongeka kwechishandiso chemuchina. Shanduko mutembiricha uye hunyoro hunogona kukonzera kuwedzera kwemafuta uye kuputika kwemidziyo yemuchina, zvichikanganisa kurongeka kwemuchina. Naizvozvo, mune yakakwirira-chaiyo machining mamiriro, zvinowanzodikanwa kunyatso kudzora machining nharaunda uye kuchengetedza inogara tembiricha uye hunyoro.
Muchidimbu, iko kurongeka kweCNC muchina maturusi chiratidzo chakazara chinopesvedzerwa nekudyidzana kwezvinhu zvakawanda. Paunenge uchisarudza CNC muchina chishandiso, zvinodikanwa kuti utarise zvinhu zvakaita serudzi rwechishandiso chemuchina, nhanho yechokwadi, tekinoroji paramita, pamwe nemukurumbira uye mushure mekutengesa sevhisi yemugadziri, zvichibva pane machining echokwadi zvinodiwa zvezvikamu. Panguva imwecheteyo, panguva yekushandiswa kwechishandiso chemuchina, kuongororwa kwechokwadi uye kugadzirisa kunofanirwa kuitwa kuti uone nekukurumidza uye kugadzirisa matambudziko, kuve nechokwadi chekuti chishandiso chemuchina chinogara chichichengetedza kunaka kwakanaka uye kupa vimbiso dzakavimbika dzekugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro-soro.
Nekuenderera mberi kwekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kukurumidza kusimudzira kwekugadzira, izvo zvinodiwa pakurongeka kweCNC muchina zvishandiso zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera. Vagadziri veCNC muchina wezvishandiso vanogara vachitsvaga nekuvandudza, vachitora matekinoroji epamberi uye maitirwo ekuvandudza iko kurongeka uye kuita kwematurusi emuchina. Panguva imwecheteyo, zviyero zveindasitiri zvinoenderana uye zvakatemwa zvinogara zvichivandudzwa, zvichipa hwaro hwesainzi uye hwakabatana hwekuongororwa kwechokwadi uye kutonga kwemhando yeCNC muchina maturusi.
Mune ramangwana, CNC muchina maturusi anozosimudzira akanangana nepamusoro, kunyatsoita, uye otomatiki, ichipa rutsigiro rwakasimba rweshanduko nekusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira. Kune mabhizinesi ekugadzira, kunzwisisa kwakadzama kweiyo chaiyo maitiro eCNC muchina maturusi, zvine musoro kusarudzwa uye kushandiswa kweCNC muchina maturusi, ichave kiyi yekuvandudza chigadzirwa chemhando uye kuwedzera kukwikwidza kwemusika.