Ongororo uye Kurapwa Kwezvakajairwa Zvikanganiso zveMana-nzvimbo Magetsi Tool Holder muMachining Center
Mundima yemazuva ano mechanical processing, kushandiswa kwenhamba yekudzora hunyanzvi uye machining nzvimbo kwakakosha kukosha. Ivo vanonyatsogadzirisa otomatiki kugadzirisa matambudziko epakati uye madiki batch zvikamu zvine maumbirwo akaomarara uye yakakwirira kuenderana zvinodiwa. Kubudirira uku hakungonatsiridza kugadzirwa kwakanaka, kunosundidzira iko kurongeka kusvika paurefu hutsva, asi zvakare kunoderedza zvakanyanya kuwanda kwevashandi uye nekupfupisa kutenderera kwegadziriro yekugadzira. Nekudaro, senge chero yakaoma michina michina, manhamba ekudzora machina achasangana nekukanganisa kwakasiyana panguva yekushandiswa, izvo zvinoita kuti kugadzirisa kukanganisa kuve dambudziko rakakosha iro vashandisi vemichina yekudzora nhamba vanofanira kutarisana nayo.
Kune rimwe divi, iyo mushure mekutengesa sevhisi inopihwa nemakambani anotengesa manhamba ekudzora michina kazhinji haigone kuvimbiswa munguva, izvo zvinogona kukonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana senge chinhambwe uye kurongeka kwevashandi. Kune rimwe divi, kana vashandisi ivo pachavo vachigona kugona humwe hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa, ipapo kana chikanganiso chikaitika, vanogona kukurumidza kuona nzvimbo yekukanganisa, nekudaro vachipfupisa zvakanyanya nguva yekuchengetedza uye kubvumira michina kuti itangezve kushanda kwakajairika nekukurumidza. Mumazuva ese manhamba ekudzora muchina kukanganisa, mhando dzakasiyana dzekukanganisa senge chombo chekubata mhando, spindle mhando, shinda yekugadzirisa mhando, system yekuratidzira mhando, drive mhando, yekutaurirana mhando, nezvimwe. Pakati pazvo, kukanganisa kwezvishandiso kunoverengera chikamu chikuru mukukanganisa kwakazara. Tichifunga izvi, semugadziri wenzvimbo yekugadzira machining, isu tichaita rondedzero yakadzama uye kuunza kwakasiyana kwakajairwa kukanganisa kwechina-nzvimbo yemagetsi mudziyo inobata mubasa rezuva nezuva uye nekupa nzira dzekurapa dzinoenderana, kuitira kupa mareferenzi anobatsira kune vazhinji vashandisi.
I. Mhosva yekuongorora uye countermeasure strategy yemagetsi anobata machining centre asina kukiyiwa zvakasimba.
(一) Mhosva dzinokonzeresa uye kuongororwa kwakadzama
(一) Mhosva dzinokonzeresa uye kuongororwa kwakadzama
- Nzvimbo yechiratidzo chedhisiki yedhisiki haina kurongeka nenzira kwayo.
Iyo signal transmitter dhisiki inoita basa rakakosha mukushanda kwemagetsi mudziyo inobata. Iyo inosarudza ruzivo rwechinzvimbo chemubati wemidziyo kuburikidza nekudyidzana pakati peHoro element nesimbi yemagineti. Kana chinzvimbo cheiyo signal transmitter dhisiki chikatsauka, chinhu cheHoro hachigone kunyatsoenderana nesimbi yemagineti, inotungamira kune isina kururama masaini anogamuchirwa nemudziyo inobata control system uye yobva yakanganisa basa rekuvhara remudziyo. Kutsauka uku kunogona kukonzerwa nekudedera panguva yekumisikidzwa kwemidziyo uye yekufambisa kana nekutama kudiki kwezvikamu mushure mekushandisa kwenguva refu. - Iyo system reverse yekuvhara nguva haina kureba zvakakwana.
Pane yakatarwa parameter marongero echishandiso chibatiso reverse yekuvhara nguva munhamba yekudzora system. Kana iyi parameter yakarongedzwa zvisina kunaka, semuenzaniso, nguva yekuisa ipfupi, kana mudziyo wekushandisa uchiita chiito chekuvhara, mota inogona kunge isina nguva yakakwana yekupedzisa kuvharika kwakazara kweiyo mechanical structure. Izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nezvisina kururama masisitimu ekutanga masisitimu, kusarudzika kusingafungidzirwe kweparamita, kana nyaya dzekuenderana pakati pechibatiso chitsva nehurongwa hwekare. - Mechanical locking mechanism yakundikana.
Iyo mechanical locking mechanism ndiyo yakakosha chimiro chemuviri kuti ive nechokwadi chekuvharika kwakagadzikana kwechibatiso. Munguva yekushandiswa kwenguva refu, michina yemagetsi inogona kunge ine matambudziko akadai sekupfeka uye deformation. Semuyenzaniso, pini yekumisikidza inogona kutyoka nekuda kwekunetseka nguva zhinji, kana mukaha pakati pemakina ekutapurirana zvikamu zvinowedzera, zvichikonzera kusakwanisa kufambisa zvinobudirira simba rekukiya. Aya matambudziko anozotungamira zvakananga mukusakwanisa kwemubati wemidziyo kukiya zvakajairika, zvichikanganisa kurongeka nekuchengetedzeka.
(二) Tsanangudzo yakadzama yenzira dzekurapa
- Kugadziriswa kwechiratidzo chedhisiki chedhisiki chinzvimbo.
Kana zvaonekwa kuti pane dambudziko nechinzvimbo chechiratidzo chedhisiki chedhisiki, zvinodikanwa kunyatsovhura chivharo chepamusoro chemubati wemidziyo. Panguva yekushanda, teerera kuchengetedza maseketi emukati uye zvimwe zvikamu kuti udzivise kukuvara kwechipiri. Kana uchitenderedza dhisiki yedhisiki, maturusi akakodzera anofanirwa kushandiswa uye chinzvimbo chinofanirwa kugadziridzwa nekunonoka uye kwakaringana mafambiro. Chinangwa chekugadzirisa ndechekuita kuti chikamu cheHoro yemudziyo wemudziyo ienderane nemagineti simbi uye ive nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yemudziyo inogona kunyatsomira panzvimbo inoenderana. Iyi nzira inogona kuda kudzokororwazve. Panguva imwecheteyo, mamwe maturusi ekuona anogona kushandiswa kuonesa maitiro ekugadzirisa, sekushandisa Hall element yekuona chiridzwa kuti uone chokwadi chechiratidzo. - Kugadziriswa kweiyo system reverse yekuvhara nguva parameter.
Kune dambudziko rekusakwana system reverse yekuvhara nguva, zvinodikanwa kuti upinde parameter yekumisikidza interface yenhamba yekudzora system. Yakasiyana manhamba ekudzora masisitimu anogona kunge aine nzira dzakasiyana dzekushanda uye nzvimbo dzeparameta, asi kazhinji, iyo yakakodzera chishandiso inobata reverse yekuvhara nguva paramita inogona kuwanikwa mune sisitimu yekugadzirisa maitiro kana parameter manejimendi menyu. Zvinoenderana nemuenzaniso wemubati wemidziyo uye mamiriro chaiwo ekushandisa, gadzirisa reverse yekuvhara nguva parameter kune yakakosha kukosha. Kune chibatiso chitsva cheturusi, kazhinji reverse yekuvhara nguva t = 1.2s inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa. Mushure mekugadzirisa maparamendi, ita bvunzo dzakawanda kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti chibatiso chinogona kuvharwa zvakavimbika pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akasiyana. - Kugadziriswa kwe mechanical locking mechanism.
Kana zvichifungidzirwa kuti pane chikanganiso mumuchina wekuvhara machira, disassembly yakazara yemubati wemidziyo inodiwa. Munguva ye disassembly process, tevera matanho akakodzera uye maka uye chengetedza nemazvo chimwe nechimwe chakabviswa chikamu. Paunenge uchigadzirisa chimiro chemuchina, nyatso tarisa mapfekero echikamu chega chega, sekupfeka kwemazino pamusoro pegiya uye kupfekwa kweshinda ye lead screws. Kune matambudziko akawanikwa, gadzirisa kana kutsiva zvikamu zvakakanganisika nenguva. Panguva imwecheteyo, teerera zvakanyanya kune mamiriro epini yekumisikidza. Kana zvikaonekwa kuti pini yekumisikidza yakatyoka, sarudza chinhu chakakodzera uye chirevo chekutsiva uye simbisa kuti nzvimbo yekuisa ndeyechokwadi. Mushure mekubatanidza zvakare chibatiso chemidziyo, ita dhizaini yakazara kuti utarise kana basa rekuvhara remubati wemidziyo radzokera kune zvakajairika.
II. Kukanganisa kuongororwa uye mhinduro yeimwe chishandiso chinzvimbo chemagetsi chibatiso cheiyo machining centre inoramba ichitenderera apo dzimwe nzvimbo dzematurusi dzinogona kutenderera.
(一) Kuongorora kwakadzama kwezvikonzero zvinokanganisa
(一) Kuongorora kwakadzama kwezvikonzero zvinokanganisa
- Chinhu cheHoro cheichi chishandiso chinzvimbo chakakanganisika.
Iyo Hall element ndiyo kiyi sensor yekuona chishandiso chinzvimbo masaini. Kana iyo Imba chikamu chechimwe chishandiso chinzvimbo chakuvadzwa, hachizokwanisa kunyatso kudzoreredza ruzivo rweichi chishandiso kune sisitimu. Muchiitiko ichi, kana sisitimu yaburitsa rairo yekutenderedza ichi chinzvimbo cheturusi, mubati wemudziyo anoenderera mberi achitenderera nekuti iyo chaiyo-yenzvimbo chiratidzo haigone kugamuchirwa. Kukuvadzwa uku kunogona kukonzerwa nematambudziko emhando yechinhu pachacho, kuchembera panguva yekushandiswa kwenguva refu, kuwirwa nemhepo yakawandisa yemagetsi, kana kukanganiswa nekunze kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu senge tembiricha, humidity, uye guruva. - Mutsetse wechiratidzo cheichi chishandiso chinzvimbo chakavhurika-chakatenderedzwa, zvichikonzera kuti sisitimu isakwanise kuona chiratidzo chemukati-chinzvimbo.
Mutsara wechiratidzo unoshanda sebhiriji rekufambisa ruzivo pakati pemudziyo wekushandisa uye nhamba yekudzora hurongwa. Kana iyo mutsara wechiratidzo cheimwe nzvimbo yekushandisa yakavhurika-yakatenderedzwa, iyo sisitimu haizokwanise kuwana iyo mamiriro echinzvimbo chechishandiso ichi. Dunhu rakavhurika remutsara wechiratidzo rinogona kukonzerwa nekutsemuka kwewaya yemukati nekuda kwekukotama kwenguva refu uye kutambanudza, kana kukuvadzwa nekuda kwetsaona yekunze simba extrusion uye kudhonza panguva yekuisa nekugadzirisa michina. Inogonawo kukonzerwa nekubatana kwakasununguka uye oxidation pamajoini. - Pane dambudziko neiyo chishandiso chinzvimbo chiratidzo chekugamuchira dunhu reiyo system.
Iyo chekushandisa chinzvimbo chiratidzo chinogashira dunhu mukati meiyo nhamba control system ine basa rekugadzirisa masaini anobva kune mudziyo unobata. Kana dunhu iri rikatadza, kunyangwe chinhu cheHoro uye mutsara wechiratidzo pane chibatiso chezvishandiso zvakajairika, sisitimu haigone kunyatso ratidza chiratidzo chechinzvimbo. Kukanganisa kwedunhu uku kunogona kukonzerwa nekukuvadzwa kwezvikamu zvedunhu, majoini akasununguka ekutengesa, hunyoro pabhodhi redunhu, kana kukanganiswa kwemagetsi.
(二) Nzira dzekurapa dzakanangwa
- Hall element yekuona kukanganisa uye kutsiva.
Chekutanga, tarisa kuti ndechipi chinzvimbo cheturusi chinoita kuti chibatiso chirambe chichitenderera. Wobva waisa rairo pane manhamba ekudzora sisitimu kuti utenderere ichi chinzvimbo cheturusi uye shandisa multimeter kuyera kana paine shanduko yevoltage pakati pechiratidzo chekubata kwechishandiso ichi uye +24V kubata. Kana pasina shanduko yemagetsi, zvinogona kutariswa kuti Imba chikamu cheichi chishandiso chinzvimbo chakakuvadzwa. Panguva ino, unogona kusarudza kutsiva iyo yese signal transmitter disk kana kungotsiva iyo Hall element. Paunenge uchitsiva, ita shuwa kuti chinhu chitsva chinoenderana nemuenzaniso uye maparamita echinhu chepakutanga, uye nzvimbo yekuisa ndeyechokwadi. Mushure mekuisa, ita imwe bvunzo kuti uone kushanda kwakajairika kwechibatiso. - Chiratidzo chekuongorora nekugadzirisa.
Kune vanofungidzirwa chiratidzo mutsara wakavhurika wedunhu, nyatso tarisisa kubatana pakati pechiratidzo cheichi chishandiso chinzvimbo uye sisitimu. Kutanga kubva kumagumo echibatiso, pamwe negwara remutsara wechiratidzo, tarisa kukuvadza kuri pachena uye kuputsika. Pamajoini, tarisa kusunungura uye oxidation. Kana nzvimbo yakazaruka yedunhu yakawanikwa, inogona kugadziriswa nekutsvaira kana kutsiva mutsara wechiratidzo neitsva. Mushure mekugadzirisa, ita kurapa kwekudzivirira pamutsetse kuti udzivise matambudziko mapfupi edunhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, ita bvunzo dzekutumira masaini pane yakagadziridzwa chiratidzo mutsara kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti chiratidzo chinogona kufambiswa nemazvo pakati pechibatiso nehurongwa. - Kukanganisa kubata kweiyo system chishandiso chinzvimbo chiratidzo chekugamuchira dunhu.
Kana zvichinge zvasimbiswa kuti hapana dambudziko neHoro chinhu uye chiratidzo mutsara weichi chishandiso chinzvimbo, zvinodikanwa kuti titarise kukanganisa kweiyo sisitimu chishandiso chinzvimbo chiratidzo chekugamuchira dunhu. Muchiitiko ichi, zvingave zvakakosha kutarisa motherboard yenhamba yekudzora system. Kana zvichibvira, midziyo yekuongorora bhodhi yenyanzvi inogona kushandiswa kutsvaga mhosho. Kana iyo chaiyo yekukanganisa poindi isingakwanise kutsanangurwa, pane iyo nhanho yekutsigira iyo system data, iyo mamaboard inogona kutsiviwa. Mushure mekutsiva bhodhi reamai, ita masisitimu uye kugadzirisa zvakare kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti chibatiso chinogona kutenderera uye kumira zvakajairwa pachinzvimbo chega chega.
Munguva yekushandiswa kwemanhamba ekudzora michina, kunyangwe kukanganisa kwechina-nzvimbo yemagetsi mudziyo inobata zvakaoma uye zvakasiyana, kuburikidza nekunyatsotarisisa zviitiko zvinokanganisa, kuongorora kwakadzama kwezvikonzero zvinokonzeresa, uye kutora nzira dzekurapa dzakaringana, tinogona kugadzirisa matambudziko aya, kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakajairwa kwenzvimbo dzemachining, kuvandudza kugona kwekugadzira, uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekutadza kwemidziyo. Panguva imwecheteyo, kune vashandisi vemichina yekudzora nhamba uye vashandi vekugadzirisa, vachiramba vachiunganidza ruzivo rwekubata kukanganisa uye kusimbisa kudzidza kwemisimboti yemidziyo uye matekinoroji ekugadzirisa ndiwo makiyi ekugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana siyana. Nenzira iyi chete tinogona kuita zvirinani zvakanakira zvemidziyo mumunda wekugadzirisa nhamba uye kupa rutsigiro rwakasimba rwekusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira michina.