《Nzira dzekubvisa Oscillation yeCNC Machine Tools》
CNC muchina maturusi anoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemazuva ano maindasitiri. Nekudaro, iyo oscillation dambudziko rinowanzo kutambudza vashandisi nevagadziri. Zvikonzero zve oscillation ye CNC muchina maturusi akaoma kunzwisisa. Pamusoro pezvakawanda zvinhu zvakaita seasingabviswe ekutapurirana gap, elastic deformation, uye kukakavara kuramba mune mechaniki chikamu, pesvedzero yeakakodzera paramita ye servo system zvakare chinhu chakakosha. Ikozvino, iyo CNC muchina wekugadzira chishandiso ichasuma zvakadzama nzira dzekubvisa oscillation yeCNC muchina maturusi.
I. Kuderedza chinzvimbo loop kuwana
Iyo proportional-integral-derivative controller is multifunctional controller inoita basa rakakosha muCNC muchina maturusi. Iyo haigone kungoita zvakaenzanirana kuwana pane zvazvino uye magetsi masaini asi zvakare kugadzirisa kusakara kana kutungamira dambudziko rechiratidzo chekubuda. Oscillation kukanganisa dzimwe nguva kunoitika nekuda kwekunonoka kana kutungamira kwekubuda kwazvino uye voltage. Panguva ino, iyo PID inogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa chikamu chekubuda ikozvino uye voltage.
Iyo chinzvimbo loop kuwana ndiyo yakakosha parameter mune yekudzora sisitimu yeCNC muchina maturusi. Kana iyo chinzvimbo loop kuwana yakakwira zvakanyanya, iyo sisitimu inotarisisa zvakanyanya kune zvikanganiso zvechinzvimbo uye inowanzokonzera oscillation. Kuderedza iyo chinzvimbo loop kuwana kunogona kuderedza kumhanyisa kwekupindura kweiyo system uye nekudaro kuderedza mukana weiyo oscillation.
Paunenge uchigadzirisa iyo chinzvimbo loop kuwana, inoda kugadzikwa zvine mutsindo zvichienderana neiyo chaiyo muchina chishandiso modhi uye kugadzirisa zvinodiwa. Kazhinji kutaura, iyo nzvimbo loop kuwana inogona kudzikiswa kusvika padanho rakaderera kutanga, uyezve zvishoma nezvishoma uchiwedzera uchitarisa kushanda kwechishandiso chemuchina kudzamara kukosha kwakaringana kunosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa uye kudzivirira oscillation yawanikwa.
Iyo proportional-integral-derivative controller is multifunctional controller inoita basa rakakosha muCNC muchina maturusi. Iyo haigone kungoita zvakaenzanirana kuwana pane zvazvino uye magetsi masaini asi zvakare kugadzirisa kusakara kana kutungamira dambudziko rechiratidzo chekubuda. Oscillation kukanganisa dzimwe nguva kunoitika nekuda kwekunonoka kana kutungamira kwekubuda kwazvino uye voltage. Panguva ino, iyo PID inogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa chikamu chekubuda ikozvino uye voltage.
Iyo chinzvimbo loop kuwana ndiyo yakakosha parameter mune yekudzora sisitimu yeCNC muchina maturusi. Kana iyo chinzvimbo loop kuwana yakakwira zvakanyanya, iyo sisitimu inotarisisa zvakanyanya kune zvikanganiso zvechinzvimbo uye inowanzokonzera oscillation. Kuderedza iyo chinzvimbo loop kuwana kunogona kuderedza kumhanyisa kwekupindura kweiyo system uye nekudaro kuderedza mukana weiyo oscillation.
Paunenge uchigadzirisa iyo chinzvimbo loop kuwana, inoda kugadzikwa zvine mutsindo zvichienderana neiyo chaiyo muchina chishandiso modhi uye kugadzirisa zvinodiwa. Kazhinji kutaura, iyo nzvimbo loop kuwana inogona kudzikiswa kusvika padanho rakaderera kutanga, uyezve zvishoma nezvishoma uchiwedzera uchitarisa kushanda kwechishandiso chemuchina kudzamara kukosha kwakaringana kunosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa uye kudzivirira oscillation yawanikwa.
II. Parameter inogadziriswa yekuvhara-loop servo system
Semi-yakavharwa-loop servo system
Mamwe maCNC servo masisitimu anoshandisa semi-yakavharwa-loop zvishandiso. Paunenge uchigadzirisa iyo semi-yakavharwa-loop servo system, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi kuti yemuno semi-yakavharwa-loop system haina oscillate. Sezvo iyo yakazara-yakavharwa-loop servo system inoita parameter kugadzirisa pane iyo nzvimbo iyo yemunharaunda semi-yakavharwa-loop system yakagadzikana, iyo miviri yakafanana mukugadzirisa nzira.
Iyo semi-yakavharwa-loop servo system nenzira isina kunanga inodzosera kumashure ruzivo rwechinzvimbo chemuchina chishandiso nekuona kona yekutenderera kana kumhanya kwemota. Paunenge uchigadzirisa ma parameter, zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kutariswa kune:
(1) Speed loop parameters: Izvo zvigadziriso zvekukurumidza loop kuwana uye yakakosha nguva yenguva dzose ine pesvedzero huru pakugadzikana uye kumhanya kwekupindura kwehurongwa. Kunyanya kumhanyisa loop kuwana kunotungamira kune yakakurumidza hurongwa mhinduro uye inokonzeresa kugadzira oscillation; nepo nguva yakarebesa yenguva isingachinji inononotsa mhinduro yehurongwa uye inokanganisa kugadzirisa kushanda.
(2) Position loop parameters: Kugadziriswa kwechigaro loop kuwana uye mafirita paramita anogona kuvandudza chinzvimbo uye kugadzikana kwehurongwa. Yakanyanya kukwirisa chinzvimbo loop kuwana kunokonzeresa oscillation, uye iyo sefa inogona kusefa yakakwira-frequency ruzha muchiratidzo chemhinduro uye kugadzirisa kugadzikana kwehurongwa.
Yakazara-yakavharwa-loop servo system
Iyo yakazara-yakavharwa-loop servo system inoona kwayo kutonga kwenzvimbo nekuona zvakananga chinzvimbo chemuchina chishandiso. Paunenge uchigadzirisa iyo yakazara-yakavharwa-loop servo system, paramita inoda kusarudzwa zvakanyanya kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzikana uye kurongeka kwehurongwa.
Iyo parameter inogadziriswa yeiyo yakazara-yakavharwa-loop servo system inonyanya kusanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu:
(1) Position loop kuwana: Zvakafanana nehafu-yakavharwa-loop system, yakawandisa chinzvimbo loop kuwana inotungamira kune oscillation. Nekudaro, sezvo iyo yakazara-yakavharwa-loop system inoona zvikanganiso zvechinzvimbo zvakanyanya, iyo nzvimbo loop kuwana inogona kuiswa yakakwira kuti ivandudze chimiro cheiyo system.
(2) Yekumhanyisa loop paramita: Iwo marongero ekukurumidza loop kuwana uye yakakosha nguva yekugara inoda kugadziridzwa zvinoenderana neane simba hunhu uye kugadzirisa zvinodiwa zvemuchina chishandiso. Kazhinji kutaura, iyo yekumhanyisa loop kuwana inogona kusetwa yakakwira zvishoma kupfuura iyo yehafu-yakavharwa-loop system yekuvandudza yekupindura kumhanya kweiyo system.
(3) Sefa paramita: Iyo yakazara-yakavharwa-loop sisitimu inonyanya kunetseka kune ruzha muchiratidzo chemhinduro, saka zvakakodzera mafirita paramita anofanirwa kuseta kuti abvise ruzha. Rudzi uye paramende kusarudzwa kwesefa kunofanirwa kugadziridzwa zvinoenderana neiyo chaiyo application mamiriro.
Semi-yakavharwa-loop servo system
Mamwe maCNC servo masisitimu anoshandisa semi-yakavharwa-loop zvishandiso. Paunenge uchigadzirisa iyo semi-yakavharwa-loop servo system, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi kuti yemuno semi-yakavharwa-loop system haina oscillate. Sezvo iyo yakazara-yakavharwa-loop servo system inoita parameter kugadzirisa pane iyo nzvimbo iyo yemunharaunda semi-yakavharwa-loop system yakagadzikana, iyo miviri yakafanana mukugadzirisa nzira.
Iyo semi-yakavharwa-loop servo system nenzira isina kunanga inodzosera kumashure ruzivo rwechinzvimbo chemuchina chishandiso nekuona kona yekutenderera kana kumhanya kwemota. Paunenge uchigadzirisa ma parameter, zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kutariswa kune:
(1) Speed loop parameters: Izvo zvigadziriso zvekukurumidza loop kuwana uye yakakosha nguva yenguva dzose ine pesvedzero huru pakugadzikana uye kumhanya kwekupindura kwehurongwa. Kunyanya kumhanyisa loop kuwana kunotungamira kune yakakurumidza hurongwa mhinduro uye inokonzeresa kugadzira oscillation; nepo nguva yakarebesa yenguva isingachinji inononotsa mhinduro yehurongwa uye inokanganisa kugadzirisa kushanda.
(2) Position loop parameters: Kugadziriswa kwechigaro loop kuwana uye mafirita paramita anogona kuvandudza chinzvimbo uye kugadzikana kwehurongwa. Yakanyanya kukwirisa chinzvimbo loop kuwana kunokonzeresa oscillation, uye iyo sefa inogona kusefa yakakwira-frequency ruzha muchiratidzo chemhinduro uye kugadzirisa kugadzikana kwehurongwa.
Yakazara-yakavharwa-loop servo system
Iyo yakazara-yakavharwa-loop servo system inoona kwayo kutonga kwenzvimbo nekuona zvakananga chinzvimbo chemuchina chishandiso. Paunenge uchigadzirisa iyo yakazara-yakavharwa-loop servo system, paramita inoda kusarudzwa zvakanyanya kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzikana uye kurongeka kwehurongwa.
Iyo parameter inogadziriswa yeiyo yakazara-yakavharwa-loop servo system inonyanya kusanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu:
(1) Position loop kuwana: Zvakafanana nehafu-yakavharwa-loop system, yakawandisa chinzvimbo loop kuwana inotungamira kune oscillation. Nekudaro, sezvo iyo yakazara-yakavharwa-loop system inoona zvikanganiso zvechinzvimbo zvakanyanya, iyo nzvimbo loop kuwana inogona kuiswa yakakwira kuti ivandudze chimiro cheiyo system.
(2) Yekumhanyisa loop paramita: Iwo marongero ekukurumidza loop kuwana uye yakakosha nguva yekugara inoda kugadziridzwa zvinoenderana neane simba hunhu uye kugadzirisa zvinodiwa zvemuchina chishandiso. Kazhinji kutaura, iyo yekumhanyisa loop kuwana inogona kusetwa yakakwira zvishoma kupfuura iyo yehafu-yakavharwa-loop system yekuvandudza yekupindura kumhanya kweiyo system.
(3) Sefa paramita: Iyo yakazara-yakavharwa-loop sisitimu inonyanya kunetseka kune ruzha muchiratidzo chemhinduro, saka zvakakodzera mafirita paramita anofanirwa kuseta kuti abvise ruzha. Rudzi uye paramende kusarudzwa kwesefa kunofanirwa kugadziridzwa zvinoenderana neiyo chaiyo application mamiriro.
III. Kutora high-frequency suppression function
Nhaurirano iri pamusoro iri pamusoro peiyo parameter optimization nzira yepasi-frequency oscillation. Dzimwe nguva, iyo CNC sisitimu yeCNC muchina maturusi anoburitsa masaini masaini ane yakakwira-frequency harmonics nekuda kwezvimwe zvikonzero zve oscillation muchikamu chemuchina, izvo zvinoita kuti torque yekubuda isarambe uye nekudaro inogadzira vibration. Kune iyi yakakwirira-frequency oscillation mamiriro, yekutanga-yakaderera-pass kusefa link inogona kuwedzerwa kune yekumhanyisa loop, inova torque sefa.
Iyo torque sefa inogona kunyatso kusefa yakakwira-frequency harmonics muchiratidzo chemhinduro, ichiita kuti torque inobuda igadzikane uye nokudaro kuderedza vibration. Pakusarudza iyo parameter ye torque sefa, zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kutariswa:
(1) Cutoff frequency: Iyo cutoff frequency inosarudza attenuation degree yefirita kune yakakwira-frequency masaini. Yakanyanya kuderera cutoff frequency ichakanganisa kumhanya kwekupindura kweiyo system, nepo yakawandisa cutoff frequency haizokwanise kusefa kunze kwepamusoro-frequency harmonics.
(2) Filter type: Common filter types dzinosanganisira Butterworth filter, Chebyshev filter, etc. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemafirita dzine maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekupindura uye dzinoda kusarudzwa maererano nemamiriro chaiwo ekushandiswa.
(3) Kurongeka kwefirita: Iyo yakakwira iyo firita kurongeka, zviri nani iyo attenuation mhedzisiro pane yakakwira-frequency masiginecha, asi panguva imwe chete, inowedzerawo computational mutoro weiyo system. Paunenge uchisarudza iyo yekusefa odha, kuita uye computational zviwanikwa zveiyo system inoda kutariswa zvizere.
Nhaurirano iri pamusoro iri pamusoro peiyo parameter optimization nzira yepasi-frequency oscillation. Dzimwe nguva, iyo CNC sisitimu yeCNC muchina maturusi anoburitsa masaini masaini ane yakakwira-frequency harmonics nekuda kwezvimwe zvikonzero zve oscillation muchikamu chemuchina, izvo zvinoita kuti torque yekubuda isarambe uye nekudaro inogadzira vibration. Kune iyi yakakwirira-frequency oscillation mamiriro, yekutanga-yakaderera-pass kusefa link inogona kuwedzerwa kune yekumhanyisa loop, inova torque sefa.
Iyo torque sefa inogona kunyatso kusefa yakakwira-frequency harmonics muchiratidzo chemhinduro, ichiita kuti torque inobuda igadzikane uye nokudaro kuderedza vibration. Pakusarudza iyo parameter ye torque sefa, zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kutariswa:
(1) Cutoff frequency: Iyo cutoff frequency inosarudza attenuation degree yefirita kune yakakwira-frequency masaini. Yakanyanya kuderera cutoff frequency ichakanganisa kumhanya kwekupindura kweiyo system, nepo yakawandisa cutoff frequency haizokwanise kusefa kunze kwepamusoro-frequency harmonics.
(2) Filter type: Common filter types dzinosanganisira Butterworth filter, Chebyshev filter, etc. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemafirita dzine maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekupindura uye dzinoda kusarudzwa maererano nemamiriro chaiwo ekushandiswa.
(3) Kurongeka kwefirita: Iyo yakakwira iyo firita kurongeka, zviri nani iyo attenuation mhedzisiro pane yakakwira-frequency masiginecha, asi panguva imwe chete, inowedzerawo computational mutoro weiyo system. Paunenge uchisarudza iyo yekusefa odha, kuita uye computational zviwanikwa zveiyo system inoda kutariswa zvizere.
Uye zvakare, kuitira kuti uwedzere kubvisa oscillation yeCNC muchina maturusi, anotevera matanho anogona zvakare kutorwa:
Gadzirisa mechanical chimiro
Tarisa ma mechanic zvikamu zvemuchina chishandiso, senge njanji yekutungamira, lead screws, mabhengi, nezvimwe, kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kuisirwa kwavo kurongeka uye kubvumidzwa kwakakodzera kunosangana nezvinodiwa. Kune zvikamu zvakasakara, shandura kana gadzirisa nenguva. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvine musoro gadzirisa iyo counterweight uye chiyero chemuchina chishandiso kuderedza chizvarwa chemechani vibration.
Kuvandudza kugona kwe-anti-kupindira kweiyo control system
Iyo yekudzora sisitimu yeCNC muchina maturusi inokanganiswa nyore nekukanganiswa kwekunze, sekukanganisa kwemagetsi, kuchinjika kwesimba, nezvimwe. Kuti uvandudze kugona kwe-anti-kupindira kweiyo control system, matanho anotevera anogona kutorwa:
(1) Tora tambo dzakadzivirirwa uye matanho ekudzika kudzikisa kukanganiswa kwemagetsi.
(2) Isa mafirita emagetsi kudzikamisa magetsi emagetsi.
(3) Gadzirisa iyo software algorithm yeiyo control system kuti uvandudze iyo anti-kupindira mashandiro ehurongwa.
Nguva dzose kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza
Gara uchigadzirisa uye chengetedza pane CNC muchina maturusi, chenesa akasiyana siyana emuchina chishandiso, tarisa mamiriro ekushanda eiyo lubrication system uye yekutonhora system, uye kutsiva yakasakara nemafuta ekuzora nenguva. Izvi zvinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuita kwakagadzikana kwechishandiso chemuchina uye kuderedza kuitika kwe oscillation.
Gadzirisa mechanical chimiro
Tarisa ma mechanic zvikamu zvemuchina chishandiso, senge njanji yekutungamira, lead screws, mabhengi, nezvimwe, kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kuisirwa kwavo kurongeka uye kubvumidzwa kwakakodzera kunosangana nezvinodiwa. Kune zvikamu zvakasakara, shandura kana gadzirisa nenguva. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvine musoro gadzirisa iyo counterweight uye chiyero chemuchina chishandiso kuderedza chizvarwa chemechani vibration.
Kuvandudza kugona kwe-anti-kupindira kweiyo control system
Iyo yekudzora sisitimu yeCNC muchina maturusi inokanganiswa nyore nekukanganiswa kwekunze, sekukanganisa kwemagetsi, kuchinjika kwesimba, nezvimwe. Kuti uvandudze kugona kwe-anti-kupindira kweiyo control system, matanho anotevera anogona kutorwa:
(1) Tora tambo dzakadzivirirwa uye matanho ekudzika kudzikisa kukanganiswa kwemagetsi.
(2) Isa mafirita emagetsi kudzikamisa magetsi emagetsi.
(3) Gadzirisa iyo software algorithm yeiyo control system kuti uvandudze iyo anti-kupindira mashandiro ehurongwa.
Nguva dzose kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza
Gara uchigadzirisa uye chengetedza pane CNC muchina maturusi, chenesa akasiyana siyana emuchina chishandiso, tarisa mamiriro ekushanda eiyo lubrication system uye yekutonhora system, uye kutsiva yakasakara nemafuta ekuzora nenguva. Izvi zvinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuita kwakagadzikana kwechishandiso chemuchina uye kuderedza kuitika kwe oscillation.
Mukupedzisa, kubvisa oscillation yeCNC muchina maturusi kunoda kutarisisa kwakadzama kwemakanika uye magetsi zvinhu. Nekugadzirisa zvine musoro maparamendi eiyo servo system, kutora yakakwira-frequency kudzvanya basa, kugadzirisa iyo mechanic chimiro, kuvandudza anti-kupindira kugona kweiyo control system, uye kuita nguva dzose kugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza, kuitika kweoscillation kunogona kuderedzwa zvinobudirira uye iko machining iko uye kugadzikana kwemuchina chishandiso chinogona kuvandudzwa.