Kuongorora uye Mhinduro kune Dambudziko reErratic Movement yeMachine Tool Coordinates muMachining Centers.
Mumunda wekugadzira michina, kushanda kwakagadzikana kwemachining Center michina inoita basa rakakosha mumhando yechigadzirwa uye kugona kwekugadzira. Nekudaro, iko kusashanda kwekufamba kusinganzwisisike kwechishandiso chemuchina kurongeka kunoitika nguva nenguva, zvichikonzera matambudziko mazhinji kune vanoshanda uye zvinogona kukonzera tsaona dzakakomba dzekugadzira. Izvi zvinotevera zvichaitisa hurukuro yakadzama pamusoro penyaya dzine chekuita nekusagadzikana kwekufamba kwemakina maturusi anoronga munzvimbo dzemuchina uye kupa mhinduro dzinoshanda.
I. Chiitiko uye Tsanangudzo yeDambudziko
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, kana muchina wepakati wemuchina uchimhanyisa chirongwa mushure mekutanga kutanga, marongero uye chinzvimbo chemuchina wemuchina unogona kuramba wakarurama. Nekudaro, mushure mekushanda kwehoming kwapera, kana chishandiso chemuchina chikaitwa nemaoko kana ruoko-vhiri, kutsauka kunozoonekwa mukuratidzira kweworkpiece coordinates uye maturusi emuchina. Semuenzaniso, mukuedza kwemunda, mushure mekutanga kumba, X-axis yemuchina wekushandisa inofambiswa nemaoko ne 10 mm, uyezve iyo G55G90X0 kuraira inoitwa muMDI modhi. Inowanzoonekwa kuti nzvimbo chaiyo yemuchina wemuchina haienderani nechinzvimbo chekubatanidza chinotarisirwa. Kusapindirana uku kunogona kuratidza sekutsauka muhukoshero hwakarongeka, zvikanganiso munzira yekufamba kwechishandiso chemuchina, kana kutsauka kwakazara kubva kune preset trajectory.
II. Ongororo yeZvikonzero Zvinogona Kusashanda
(I) Zvinhu zveMechanical Assembly
Iko kurongeka kwekusangana kwema mechanical kunokanganisa zvakananga kurongeka kwemanongedzero emushonga wemuchina. Kana panguva yekuungana kwechishandiso chemuchina, zvikamu zvekutapurirana zveaxis imwe neimwe yekurongeka zvisina kuiswa zvakanaka, senge mapundu mukukwana pakati pescrew nenati, kana matambudziko nekuiswa kwenjanji yegwara isiri-yakafanana kana isiri-perpendicular, kumwe kutsauka kwekuwedzera kunogona kuitika panguva yekushanda kwechishandiso chemuchina, nekudaro zvichiita kuti mareferenzi atendeuke. Kuchinja uku kunogona kusanyatsogadziriswa panguva yekushanda kwemushini wemuchina, uye zvozotungamira kune chiitiko chekufamba kusinganzwisisike kwezvirongwa mune rinotevera bhuku kana otomatiki mashandiro.
(II) Parameter uye Programming Zvikanganiso
- Turusi Muripo uye Workpiece Coordinate Setting: Kurongeka kusiri iko kwechishandiso muripo wemitengo kunokonzeresa kutsauka pakati pechinzvimbo chaicho chechishandiso panguva yekugadzira uye nzvimbo yakarongwa. Semuyenzaniso, kana mudziyo weradius muripo wemuripo wakakurisa kana kuti uri diki, chishandiso chinotsauka kubva kune yakafanotemerwa contour trajectory pakucheka workpiece. Saizvozvo, kurongeka kwakashata kweworkpiece coordinates zvakare chimwe chezvikonzero zvakajairika. Kana vashandisi vakaisa iyo workpiece coordination system, kana zero offset kukosha isiri iyo, zvese machining mirairo yakavakirwa pane ino coordination system ichaita kuti mudziyo wemuchina uende kunzvimbo isiri iyo, zvichikonzera chaotic coordinate kuratidza.
- Zvikanganiso zveProgiramu: Kuregeredza panguva yehurongwa hwekugadzira kunogona zvakare kutungamira kune zvisina kujairika muchina maturusi kurongeka. Semuyenzaniso, zvikanganiso zvekupinza zvehukoshi hwekurongeka paunenge uchinyora zvirongwa, kushandisa zvisirizvo mafomati ekuraira, kana kusanzwisisika kwehurongwa hwekuronga hunokonzerwa nekusanzwisisana kwemaitiro ekugadzira. Semuyenzaniso, pakugadzira denderedzwa kududzira, kana zvinorongeka zvepakati pedenderedzwa zvakaverengerwa zvisizvo, chishandiso chemuchina chinofamba nenzira isiri iyo paunenge uchiita chikamu chechirongwa ichi, zvichiita kuti maturusi emuchina anorongedzerwa kubva kune yakajairika.
(III) Mashandiro Asina Kufanira
- Zvikanganiso muPurogiramu Yekumhanya Modes: Kana chirongwa chikagadzikiswa uye chobva chatanga zvakananga kubva pachikamu chepakati pasina kunyatso tarisa mamiriro azvino emuchina wemuchina uye nzira yayo yapfuura yekufamba, zvinogona kutungamira kune mhirizhonga mumuchina wekushandisa kurongedza system. Nekuti chirongwa chinomhanya zvichibva pane mamwe mafungidziro uye ekutanga mamiriro panguva yekushanda, nechisimba kutanga kubva kune yepakati chikamu kunogona kukanganisa kuenderera uku uye kuita kuti zvisaite kuti chishandiso chemuchina chiverenge nemazvo ikozvino chinzvimbo chekubatanidza.
- Yakananga Kumhanyisa Chirongwa mushure meKushanda Kwakakosha: Mushure mekuita mabasa akakosha akadai se "Machine Tool Lock", "Manual Absolute Value", uye "Handwheel Insertion", kana iyo inowirirana coordination reset kana chimiro chisimbiso chikasaitwa uye chirongwa chakanangana nemachining, zviri nyore zvakare kukonzera dambudziko rekukanganisa kufamba kwezvirongwa. Semuyenzaniso, iyo "Muchina Tool Lock" mashandiro anogona kumisa kufamba kwechishandiso chemuchina matemo, asi kuratidzwa kwemuchina wemidziyo kurongeka kucharamba kuchichinja zvichienderana nehurongwa hwechirongwa. Kana iyo purogiramu ichiitwa zvakananga mushure mekukiyinura, chishandiso chemuchina chinogona kufamba zvinoenderana nekusawirirana kurongeka kwakasiyana; mushure mekuita kufambisa chishandiso chemuchina mu "Manual Absolute Value" modhi, kana chirongwa chinotevera chisingaiti nemazvo kurongeka kunokonzeresa kunokonzerwa nekufamba kwemanyorero, zvinotungamira mukuronga mhirizhonga; kana kuwiriranisa kusingaitwe zvakanaka kana uchidzokera kune otomatiki otomatiki mushure mekuita kwe "Handwheel Insertion", abnormal muchina maturusi anoronga anozoonekwawo.
(IV) Kufurira kweNC Parameter Kugadziriswa
Kana uchigadzirisa NC paramita, senge mirroring, shanduko pakati pemetric uye emperial masisitimu, nezvimwewo, kana mashandiro asina kunaka kana kukanganisa kweparameta pamuchina wekushandisa coordination system haina kunyatsonzwisiswa, zvinogona zvakare kutungamira kune zvisizvo kufamba kwemuchina maturusi anoronga. Semuyenzaniso, kana uchiita girazi rekushanda, kana iyo girazi axis uye inoenderana kurongeka kwekuchinja mitemo isina kuiswa nenzira kwayo, muchina wemuchina unozofamba zvinoenderana neisiriyo yegirazi yekufunga paunenge uchiita zvirongwa zvinotevera, uchiita iyo chaiyo machining chinzvimbo chakapesana zvachose kune inotarisirwa, uye kuratidzwa kwemuchina maturusi ekurongeka kuchaitawo mhirizhonga.
III. Solutions uye Countermeasures
(I) Mhinduro kune Matambudziko eGungano reMechanical
Gara uchiongorora uye chengetedza michina yekufambisa yemuchina, zvinosanganisira screws, njanji yekutungamira, couplings, nezvimwewo. Tarisa kana mukaha uripo pakati pesiruu nenati uri mukati mechikamu chinonzwisisika. Kana gaka racho rakakura zvakanyanya, rinogona kugadziriswa nekugadzirisa preload ye screw kana kutsiva zvidimbu zvakasakara. Kune njanji inotungamira, ita shuwa yekumisikidzwa kwayo, tarisa flatness, parallelism, uye perpendicularity yegwara renjanji, uye ita gadziriso nenguva kana kugadzirisa kana paine zvakatsauka.
Munguva yekuungana kwechishandiso chemuchina, nyatsotevera zvinodiwa zvegadziriro yegungano, uye shandisa maturusi ekuyeresa epamusoro-soro kuona uye kuyera kurongeka kwegungano kweiyo axis yekubatanidza. Semuyenzaniso, shandisa laser interferometer kuyera uye kutsiva pitch kukanganisa kwescrew, uye shandisa chiyero chemagetsi kugadzirisa kuenzana uye perpendicularity yegwara renjanji kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti chishandiso chemuchina chine kurongeka kwakanyanya uye kugadzikana panguva yekutanga gungano.
Munguva yekuungana kwechishandiso chemuchina, nyatsotevera zvinodiwa zvegadziriro yegungano, uye shandisa maturusi ekuyeresa epamusoro-soro kuona uye kuyera kurongeka kwegungano kweiyo axis yekubatanidza. Semuyenzaniso, shandisa laser interferometer kuyera uye kutsiva pitch kukanganisa kwescrew, uye shandisa chiyero chemagetsi kugadzirisa kuenzana uye perpendicularity yegwara renjanji kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti chishandiso chemuchina chine kurongeka kwakanyanya uye kugadzikana panguva yekutanga gungano.
(II) Kugadziriswa kweParameter uye Zvikanganiso zvekuronga
Nekukanganisa muripo wekushandisa muripo uye workpiece kurongedza marongero, vashandisi vanofanirwa kunyatso tarisa maturusi emuripo maitiro uye marongero eiyo workpiece coordinate system isati yagadzira. Iyo radius uye kureba kwechishandiso chinogona kuyerwa nematurusi akadai sematurusi presetter uye hunhu chaihwo hunogona kuiswa mumuchina wekutonga system system. Pakuseta iyo workpiece coordination system, nzira dzakakodzera dzekumisikidza maturusi dzinofanirwa kugamuchirwa, senge yekucheka maturusi kuseta uye edge yekuwana chishandiso chekumisikidza, kuve nechokwadi chechokwadi che zero offset kukosha. Zvichakadaro, panguva yekunyora kwechirongwa, dzokorora tarisa zvikamu zvinosanganisira coordination values uye maturusi muripo wemirairo kudzivirira kukanganisa kwekuisa.
Panyaya yehurongwa, simbisa kudzidziswa uye kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwevagadziri kuti vave nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemaitiro emuchina uye sisitimu yekuraira yemuchina. Paunenge uchinyora zvirongwa zvakaoma, ita ongororo yakakwana uye kuronga nzira, uye udzokorore simbisa makiyi ekuronga kuverenga uye kushandiswa kwemirairo. Simulation software inogona kushandiswa kutevedzera mafambisirwo ezvirongwa zvakanyorwa kuti uwane zvingangoitika zvikanganiso zvehurongwa pachine uye kuderedza njodzi panguva yekushanda chaiko pamuchina.
Panyaya yehurongwa, simbisa kudzidziswa uye kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwevagadziri kuti vave nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemaitiro emuchina uye sisitimu yekuraira yemuchina. Paunenge uchinyora zvirongwa zvakaoma, ita ongororo yakakwana uye kuronga nzira, uye udzokorore simbisa makiyi ekuronga kuverenga uye kushandiswa kwemirairo. Simulation software inogona kushandiswa kutevedzera mafambisirwo ezvirongwa zvakanyorwa kuti uwane zvingangoitika zvikanganiso zvehurongwa pachine uye kuderedza njodzi panguva yekushanda chaiko pamuchina.
(III) Simbisa Maitiro Ekushanda
Nyatsoteerera nemaitiro ekushanda kwechishandiso chemuchina. Mushure mekunge chirongwa chagadzikiswa patsva, kana zvichidikanwa kuti utange kumhanya kubva pachikamu chepakati, zvinodikanwa kutanga wasimbisa chinzvimbo chazvino chekurongeka chemuchina wemuchina uye kuita zvinodikanwa kurongeka gadziriso kana kutanga mashandiro zvinoenderana nemafungiro uye maitiro echirongwa. Semuyenzaniso, mudziyo wemuchina unogona kutamiswa nemaoko kunzvimbo yakachengeteka kutanga, uyezve homing oparesheni inogona kuitwa kana iyo workpiece coordinate system inogona kusetwa patsva kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chishandiso chemuchina chiri munzvimbo chaiyo yekutanga usati watanga chirongwa.
Mushure mekuita mashandiro akakosha akadai se "Machine Tool Lock", "Manual Absolute Value", uye "Handwheel Insertion", inoenderana kurongeka reset kana mamiriro ekudzoreredza maitiro anofanirwa kutanga aitwa. Semuenzaniso, mushure mekuvhura "Machine Tool Lock", basa remumba rinofanira kutanga raitwa kana mudziyo wemuchina unofanirwa kuendeswa kune inozivikanwa nzvimbo chaiyo, uye ipapo chirongwa chinogona kumhanyisa; mushure mekuita kufambisa maturusi emuchina mu "Manual Absolute Value" modhi, iyo coordination values muchirongwa inofanirwa kururamiswa zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekufamba kana maturusi emuchina anoronga anofanirwa kudzoserwa kune akakodzera kukosha usati watanga chirongwa; mushure mekuita "Handwheel Insertion" kushanda kwapera, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi kuti kurongeka kwekuwedzera kwevhiri reruoko kunogona kunyatsobatanidzwa nemirairo yekurongeka muchirongwa kudzivirira kusvetuka kusvetuka kana kutsauka.
Mushure mekuita mashandiro akakosha akadai se "Machine Tool Lock", "Manual Absolute Value", uye "Handwheel Insertion", inoenderana kurongeka reset kana mamiriro ekudzoreredza maitiro anofanirwa kutanga aitwa. Semuenzaniso, mushure mekuvhura "Machine Tool Lock", basa remumba rinofanira kutanga raitwa kana mudziyo wemuchina unofanirwa kuendeswa kune inozivikanwa nzvimbo chaiyo, uye ipapo chirongwa chinogona kumhanyisa; mushure mekuita kufambisa maturusi emuchina mu "Manual Absolute Value" modhi, iyo coordination values muchirongwa inofanirwa kururamiswa zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekufamba kana maturusi emuchina anoronga anofanirwa kudzoserwa kune akakodzera kukosha usati watanga chirongwa; mushure mekuita "Handwheel Insertion" kushanda kwapera, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi kuti kurongeka kwekuwedzera kwevhiri reruoko kunogona kunyatsobatanidzwa nemirairo yekurongeka muchirongwa kudzivirira kusvetuka kusvetuka kana kutsauka.
(IV) Kuchenjerera Kushanda kweNC Parameter Kugadziriswa
Paunenge uchigadzirisa NC paramita, vashandisi vanofanirwa kuve neruzivo rwakakwana rwehunyanzvi uye ruzivo uye kunyatsonzwisisa zvinorehwa neparameta yega yega uye kukanganisa kweparameter shanduko pakushanda kwechishandiso chemuchina. Usati wagadzirisa paramita, tsigira iwo epakutanga paramita kuitira kuti agone kudzoreredzwa nenguva kana matambudziko aitika. Mushure mekugadzirisa maparamendi, ita nhevedzano yekumhanyisa bvunzo, senge yakaoma kumhanya uye imwe-nhanho inomhanya, kuti uone kana mamiriro ekufamba kwechishandiso chemuchina uye kuratidzwa kwezvirongwa zvakajairwa. Kana zvisizvo zvikawanikwa, kurumidza kumisa kushanda, dzosera mudziyo wemuchina kumamiriro ayo epakutanga zvinoenderana neiyo backup paramita, wobva wanyatso tarisisa maitiro uye zvirimo mukugadziriswa kweparameter kuti uwane matambudziko uye kugadzirisa.
Muchidimbu, kufamba kusinganzwisisike kwechishandiso chemuchina chinoronga munzvimbo dzemuchina idambudziko rakaomarara rinosanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda. Munguva yekushandiswa kwezuva nezuva kwezvishandiso zvemuchina, vashandisi vanofanirwa kusimbisa kudzidza kwavo uye kugona kwemakina masisitimu ematurusi emuchina, marongero eparameta, marongero ehurongwa, uye maitiro ekushanda. Paunenge uchisangana nedambudziko rekusagadzikana kwekufamba kwezvirongwa, vanofanirwa kuzviongorora zvakadzikama, kutanga kubva pane zvingakonzeresa zvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvishoma nezvishoma tarisa uye kutora mhinduro dzinoenderana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chishandiso chemuchina chinogona kudzokera kukushanda kwakajairwa, kuvandudza machining mhando uye kugona kugadzira. Zvichakadaro, vanogadzira maturusi emuchina uye matekinoroji ekugadzirisa anofanirwawo kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza mazinga avo ehunyanzvi, kukwidziridza dhizaini nemagadzirirwo ezvishandiso zvemuchina, uye kupa vashandisi michina yakagadzikana uye yakavimbika yekugadzirisa uye masevhisi akakwana ekutsigira tekinoroji.