Iko kukurumidza kufambira mberi kweCNC system tekinoroji kwakapa mamiriro ekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yeCNC muchina maturusi. Kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvemusika uye kusangana nepamusoro zvinodiwa zvemazuva ano kugadzira tekinoroji yeCNC tekinoroji, kusimudzira kwazvino kwepasirese CNC tekinoroji nemidziyo yayo inonyanya kuratidzwa mune inotevera hunyanzvi hunhu:
1. High speed
Kubudirira kweCNC muchina zvishandisoyakanangana nekumhanya-mhanya kwekutungamira haingogone kuvandudza zvakanyanya machining kunyatsoita uye kuderedza machining mutengo, asi zvakare inovandudza epamusoro machining mhando uye huchokwadi hwezvikamu. Ultra yakakwira yekumhanyisa machining tekinoroji ine yakakura kushanda kwekuwana yakaderera-mutengo kugadzirwa muindasitiri yekugadzira.
Kubva kuma1990, nyika dziri muEurope, United States, neJapan dzanga dzichikwikwidzana kuvandudza nekushandisa chizvarwa chitsva chepamusoro-chinomhanya CNC muchina maturusi, ichimhanyisa kukurumidza kwekusimudzira kwemidziyo yemuchina. Kubudirira kutsva kwakaitwa mune yepamusoro-speed spindle unit (yemagetsi spindle, kumhanya 15000-100000 r/min), yakakwirira-kumhanya uye yakakwirira kukurumidza / kuderera kwekudya kwekufambisa zvikamu (inokurumidza kufamba kumhanya 60-120m/min, kucheka chikafu chinomhanyisa kusvika 60m/min), yakakwirira-sevhisi masisitimu, NC uye masystem matsva ekushanda, NC uye masystem matsva ekushandisa, NC. mazinga. Nekugadziriswa kweakakosha matekinoroji muakatevedzana ehunyanzvi minda yakadai seyekupedzisira yekumhanya-mhanya yekucheka michina, yakanyanya kuoma-inodzivirira-yehurefu-yehupenyu maturusi maturusi uye abrasive maturusi ekukuya, epamusoro-simba akakwira-kumhanya kwemagetsi spindle, kukwirisa / kudzika mutsara mutsara unotyaira mota inotyairwa, yakakwirira-inoshanda kudzora masisitimu (kusanganisira uye ekutarisa masisitimu ekuchengetedza akapihwa tekinoroji yekuvandudza masisitimu). chizvarwa chepamusoro-chinomhanya CNC muchina maturusi.
Parizvino, mune yakanyanya kumhanyisa machining, kumhanya kwekucheka kwekutendeuka uye kugaya kwasvika pamusoro pe5000-8000m/min; Iyo yekumhanyisa kumhanya iri pamusoro pe30000 rpm (vamwe vanogona kusvika kusvika 100000 r/min); Kumhanya kwekufambisa (yekudya kwekudya) kwebhenji rekushanda: pamusoro pe100m / min (mamwe kusvika 200m / min) pakugadzirisa kwe 1 micrometer, uye pamusoro pe24m / min pakugadziriswa kwe 0.1 micrometer; Otomatiki chishandiso chekuchinja kumhanya mukati mesekondi 1; Chiyero chekudya chediki mutsara kududzira chinosvika 12m/min.
2. Kururamisa kwepamusoro
Kubudirira kweCNC muchina zvishandisokubva pakunyatsogadzira machining kuenda ku Ultra precision machining igwara iro masimba emaindasitiri pasirese akazvipira kwariri. Kurongeka kwayo kunobva padanho re micrometer kusvika padanho re submicron, uye kunyangwe kusvika nanometer level (<10nm), uye huwandu hwayo hwekushandisa huri kuwedzera kupararira.
Parizvino, pasi pechinodikanwa chepamusoro-chaiyo machining, iko kurongeka kweakajairika CNC muchina maturusi akawedzera kubva ± 10 μ Wedzera m kusvika ± 5 μ M; Iko kurongeka kwekugadzira kweiyo chaiyo machining nzvimbo inotangira kubva ± 3 kusvika 5 μ m. Wedzera kusvika ± 1-1.5 μ m. Kunyange yakakwirira; Iyo yekupedzisira chaiyo machining accuracy yakapinda nanometer level (0.001 micrometers), uye iyo spindle rotation inodikanwa kuti isvike 0.01 ~ 0.05 micrometers, ine machining roundness ye0.1 micrometer uye machining pamusoro roughness yeRa = 0.003 micrometer. Aya maturusi emuchina anowanzo shandisa vector inodzorwa inodzorwa frequency drive yemagetsi spindles (yakabatanidzwa nemota uye spindle), ine radial runout ye spindle isingasviki 2 µ m, axial displacement isingasviki 1 µ m, uye shaft isina kuenzana inosvika G0.4 level.
Iyo yekudyisa dhiraivha yeakakwira-kumhanya uye yakakwirira-chaiyo machining muchina maturusi anonyanya kusanganisira maviri marudzi: "rotary servo mota ine chaiyo yakakwira-kumhanya bhora screw" uye "linear mota yakananga dhiraivha". Uye zvakare, ari kusimukira anoenderana muchina maturusi zvakare ari nyore kuwana yakakwira-kumhanya feed.
Nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwekuita tekinoroji uye kushandiswa kwakafara, bhora masiruru haangoite yakakwira chaiyo (ISO3408 level 1), asi zvakare ane mutengo wakaderera wekuwana yakanyanya-kumhanya machining. Naizvozvo, achiri kushandiswa nemichina yakawanda yekumhanya-mhanya kusvika nhasi. Ikozvino high-speed machining machine tool inotyairwa nebhora screw ine yakanyanya kumhanyisa yekufamba inosvika 90m/min uye inomhanyisa 1.5g.
Bhora screw ndeyemuchina kutapurirana, izvo zvisingadziviriki zvinosanganisira elastic deformation, kukweshera, uye reverse clearance panguva yekutapurirana maitiro, zvichikonzera kufambisa hysteresis uye kumwe kukanganisa kusiri kwemutsara. Kuti abvise kukanganisa kwezvikanganiso izvi pakugadzirisa machining, mutsara wemotokari yakananga yakashandiswa kune zvishandiso zvemuchina muna 1993. Sezvo iri "zero transmission" isina zvisungo zvepakati, haisi kungoita inertia duku yekufamba, kuoma kwehurongwa hwepamusoro, uye kukurumidza kupindura, Inogona kuwana kukurumidza kukuru uye kukurumidza, uye urefu hwayo hwesitiroko hunotaridzirwa zvisingarevi. Kurongeka kwenzvimbo kunogona zvakare kusvika padanho repamusoro pasi pechiito chepamusoro-chaizvo chinzvimbo chemhinduro system, zvichiita kuti ive yakanakira nzira yekutyaira yekumhanyisa uye yakakwirira-chaiyo machining maturusi emidziyo, kunyanya yepakati uye yakakura maturusi emuchina. Parizvino, iyo yakanyanya kukurumidza inofamba yekumhanya-yepamusoro-kumhanya uye yakakwirira-chaiyo machining michina inoshandisa mutsara motors yasvika 208 m/min, nekukasira kwe2g, uye kuchine nzvimbo yekusimudzira.
3. Kuvimbika kwepamusoro
Nekuvandudzwa kwenetworked applications yeCNC muchina zvishandiso, kuvimbika kwepamusoro kweCNC muchina maturusi chave chinangwa chinoteedzerwa neCNC system vagadziri uye CNC muchina vagadziri vezvishandiso. Kune fekitori isina munhu inoshanda mashifiti maviri pazuva, kana ichidikanwa kushanda nguva dzose uye kazhinji mukati maawa gumi nematanhatu nekutadza kusununguka kweP (t) = 99% kana kupfuura, nguva yepakati pakati pekutadza (MTBF) yemuchina weCNC muchina unofanirwa kunge wakakura kupfuura maawa 3000. Kune imwe chete CNC muchina chishandiso, chiyero chekutadza pakati pemugamuchiri neCNC system ndeye 10: 1 (kuvimbika kweCNC iodha imwe yehukuru yakakwira kupfuura iyo yemuenzi). Panguva ino, iyo MTBF yeCNC system inofanirwa kunge yakakura kupfuura maawa 33333.3, uye MTBF yeCNC mudziyo, spindle, uye dhiraivha inofanira kunge yakakura kupfuura maawa 100000.
Kukosha kweMTBF yezvishandiso zvekunze zveCNC zvazvino zvasvika pamaawa e6000, uye mudziyo wekutyaira wasvika pamusoro pe30000 maawa. Zvisinei, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti pachine gaka kubva kune chinangwa chakanaka.
4. Kubatanidza
Muchigadziro chekugadzirisa zvikamu, nguva yakawanda yenguva isingabatsiri inopedzwa mukubata kwechishandiso, kurodha uye kuburitsa, kuisa uye kugadzirisa, shanduko yekushandisa, uye spindle kukurumidza uye pasi. Kuti uderedze nguva idzi dzisina basa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, vanhu vanotarisira kubatanidza mabasa akasiyana ekugadzirisa pane imwechete muchina chishandiso. Naizvozvo, komputa inoshanda muchina maturusi ave ari kukurumidza kukura modhi mumakore achangopfuura.
Iyo pfungwa yemuchina wekushandisa inoumba machining mumunda wekugadzira inochinjika inoreva kugona kwemuchina wekuita otomatiki machining akawanda emhando dzakafanana kana dzakasiyana dzemagadzirirwo emhando zvichienderana neiyo CNC machining chirongwa mushure mekubatanidza workpiece mune imwe kuenda, kuitira kupedzisa akasiyana machining maitiro senge kutendeuka, kugaya, kuchera, kufinha, kugaya, kucheka, kupatsanura chimiro chakaoma, kupatsanura. Kana ari maprismatic parts, machining centers ndiwo anonyanya kujaira maturusi emuchina anoita akawanda ma process composite processing achishandisa nzira imwechete yekuita. Izvo zvave zvichiratidzwa kuti muchina wemuchina unoumba machining unogona kuvandudza machining kunyatsoita uye kushanda nesimba, kuchengetedza nzvimbo, uye kunyanya kupfupisa kutenderera kwemachini kwezvikamu.
5. Polyaxialization
Nekuzivikanwa kwe5-axis linkage CNC masisitimu uye software yekuronga, 5-axis yekubatanidza inodzorwa machining nzvimbo uye CNC milling muchina (vertical machining centers) yave ikozvino budiriro hotspot. Nekuda kwekureruka kwe5-axis yekubatanidza kudzora muCNC hurongwa hwemabhora ekupedzisira milling cutters kana uchigadzira nzvimbo dzemahara, uye kugona kuchengetedza zvine musoro kucheka kumhanya kwebhora rekupedzisira milling cutters panguva yekugayo ye3D nzvimbo, semhedzisiro, kushata kwenzvimbo yekugadzira kunovandudzwa zvakanyanya uye kugona kwekugadzira kunovandudzwa zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, mune 3-axis yekubatanidza inodzorwa muchina maturusi, hazvigoneke kudzivirira kupera kwebhora kupera kugaya cutter nekumhanya kwekucheka padhuze ne zero kubva pakutora chikamu mukucheka. Naizvozvo, 5-axis yekubatanidza muchina maturusi ave kutarisa kwekushanda uye kukwikwidza pakati pevagadziri vemakina makuru ekugadzira maturusi nekuda kwemaitiro avo asingadzokerike.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, nyika dzekunze dzichiri kutsvagisa 6-axis yekubatanidza kudzora vachishandisa isingatenderere yekucheka maturusi munzvimbo dzemachining. Kunyangwe chimiro chavo chekugadzira chisina kuganhurirwa uye kudzika kwekucheka kunogona kuve kwakaonda kwazvo, iyo machining inoshanda yakaderera uye zvakaoma kuita.
6. Njere
Hungwaru igwara rakakura rekuvandudza tekinoroji yekugadzira muzana ramakore re21. Intelligent machining imhando yekugadzira yakavakirwa neural network control, fuzzy control, digital network tekinoroji, uye dzidziso. Inotarisira kutevedzera zviitiko zvehungwaru zvenyanzvi dzevanhu panguva yekugadzira machining, kuitira kugadzirisa matambudziko mazhinji asina chokwadi anoda kupindira kwemaoko. Zviri mukati mehungwaru zvinosanganisira akasiyana maficha muCNC masisitimu:
Kuteedza hungwaru kugadzirisa kushanda uye hunhu, senge adaptive control uye otomatiki chizvarwa chemaitiro paramita;
Kuvandudza kutyaira kwekutyaira uye kufambisa zvine hungwaru kubatanidza, senge feedforward control, inogadzirisa kuverenga kwemota paramita, otomatiki kuzivikanwa kwemitoro, otomatiki kusarudzwa kwemamodheru, kuzvigadzirisa, nezvimwe;
Yakareruka hurongwa uye hungwaru mashandiro, akadai akangwara otomatiki hurongwa, hungwaru hwemunhu-muchina interface, nezvimwe;
Hungwaru kuongororwa uye kutarisa kunofambisa kuongororwa uye kugadzirisa system.
Kune akawanda akangwara ekucheka uye machining masisitimu ari pasi pekutsvagisa munyika, pakati peiyo Japan Intelligent CNC Device Research Association's akangwara machining mhinduro dzekuchera inomiririra.
7. Networking
Iyo inetiweki kudzora yezvishandiso zvemuchina inonyanya kureva kunetiweki yekubatanidza uye netiweki kutonga pakati pemuchina chishandiso uye mamwe ekunze ekutonga masisitimu kana epamusoro makomputa kuburikidza neakashongedzerwa CNC system. CNC muchina maturusi kazhinji anotanga akatarisana nenzvimbo yekugadzira uye yemukati LAN yebhizinesi, uye wozobatana nekunze kwebhizinesi kuburikidza neInternet, iyo inonzi Internet / Intranet tekinoroji.
Nekukura uye kusimudzira kwetiweki tekinoroji, iyo indasitiri ichangobva kutaura pfungwa yekugadzirwa kwedhijitari. Kugadzirwa kwedhijitari, inozivikanwawo se "e-kugadzira", chimwe chezviratidzo zvechizvino-zvino mumabhizinesi ekugadzira michina uye yakajairwa nzira yekupa kune yepasirese advanced muchina vagadziri nhasi. Nekutorwa kwakapararira kwehunyanzvi hweruzivo, vashandisi vakawanda vepamba vanoda masevhisi ekutaurirana ari kure uye mamwe mabasa kana uchipinza CNC muchina maturusi. Pahwaro hwekugamuchirwa kwakapararira kweCAD/CAM, mabhizinesi ekugadzira michina ari kuwedzera kushandisa CNC machining michina. CNC application software iri kuwedzera kupfuma uye mushandisi-ane hushamwari. Dhizaini yedhizaini, kugadzira chaiwo uye mamwe matekinoroji ari kuwedzera kuteverwa neinjiniya nevashandi vehunyanzvi. Kutsiva Hardware nehungwaru hwesoftware kuri kuita chiitiko chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemidziyo yemuchina yemazuva ano. Pasi pechinangwa chekugadzira madhijitari, akati wandei epamberi bhizinesi manejimendi software senge ERP yakabuda kuburikidza nekuita reengineering uye shanduko yeruzivo tekinoroji, ichigadzira mabhenefiti ehupfumi epamusoro emabhizinesi.
8. Kuchinja-chinja
Maitiro eCNC muchina maturusi akananga anochinjika otomatiki masisitimu ndeyekukudziridza kubva panzvimbo (CNC imwe muchina, machining centre, uye CNC composite machining muchina), mutsara (FMC, FMS, FTL, FML) kusvika pamusoro (yakazvimirira kugadzira chitsuwa, FA), uye muviri (CIMS, yakagoverwa network yakasanganiswa yekugadzira system), uye kune rimwe divi, kutarisa nezvekushandisa uye hupfumi. Flexible otomatiki tekinoroji ndiyo nzira huru yekuti indasitiri yekugadzira igadzirise kune zvine simba zvinodiwa pamusika uye nekukurumidza kugadzirisa zvigadzirwa. Ndiwo maitiro akajairwa ekugadzirwa kwekugadzira munyika dzakasiyana siyana uye yakakosha tekinoroji mumunda wepamberi wekugadzira. Chinangwa chayo chiri pakuvandudza kuvimbika uye kushanda kwehurongwa, nechinangwa chekubatanidza nyore nyore nekubatanidza; Simbisa kuvandudzwa nekuvandudzwa kweyuniti tekinoroji; CNC muchina mumwe chete uri kusimudzira wakanangana nehupamhi hwepamusoro, kumhanya kwakanyanya, uye kuchinjika kwakanyanya; CNC muchina maturusi uye ayo anochinjika ekugadzira masisitimu anogona kubatanidzwa zviri nyore neCAD, CAM, CAPP, MTS, uye kukudziridza kusanganisa ruzivo; Kuvandudzwa kwetiweki masisitimu kune kuvhurika, kubatanidzwa, uye kungwara.
9. Greenization
Iyo simbi yekucheka muchina maturusi ezana ramakore rechi21 anofanirwa kukoshesa kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedza simba, ndiko kuti, kuzadzisa kusvibira kwekucheka maitiro. Parizvino, iyi tekinoroji yekugadzirisa tekinoroji inonyanya kutarisisa kusashandisa mvura yekucheka, kunyanya nekuti yekucheka mvura haingosvibise nharaunda uye inoisa mungozi hutano hwevashandi, asiwo inowedzera zviwanikwa uye simba rekushandisa. Kucheka kwakaoma kunowanzoitwa mumhepo yemhepo, asi kunosanganisira kucheka mumhepo yakakosha yegasi (nitrogen, mhepo inotonhora, kana kushandisa yakaoma electrostatic kutonhora tekinoroji) pasina kushandisa yekucheka mvura. Nekudaro, kune dzimwe nzira dzemuchina uye musanganiswa weworkpiece, kucheka kwakaoma pasina kushandisa yekucheka fluid parizvino kwakaoma kushandisa mukuita, saka quasi yakaoma yekucheka ine kushoma lubrication (MQL) yabuda. Parizvino, 10-15% yehukuru-hukuru mechanical processing muEurope inoshandisa yakaoma uye quasi yakaoma kutema. Zvematurusi emuchina senge machining nzvimbo akagadzirirwa akawanda machining nzira / workpiece musanganiswa, quasi yakaoma yekucheka inonyanya kushandiswa, kazhinji nekupfapfaidza musanganiswa weakanyanya madiki emafuta ekucheka nemhepo yakamanikidzwa munzvimbo yekucheka kuburikidza negomba chiteshi mukati memuchina spindle uye chishandiso. Pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzemasimbi ekucheka michina, giya hobbing muchina ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kuoma kutema.
Muchidimbu, kufambira mberi uye kusimukira kweCNC muchina tekinoroji tekinoroji yakapa mamiriro akanaka ekusimudzira indasitiri yemazuva ano yekugadzira, kusimudzira kusimudzira kwekugadzira kune imwe nzira ine vanhu. Zvinogona kufanoona kuti nekuvandudzwa kweCNC muchina tekinoroji uye kushandiswa kwakapararira kweCNC muchina maturusi, indasitiri yekugadzira ichaunza shanduko yakadzama inogona kuzunungusa iyo yechinyakare yekugadzira modhi.