《Zvinodiwa uye Optimization yeSpindle Zvikamu zveCNC Milling Machines》
I. Nhanganyaya
Sechishandiso chakakosha chekugadzira muindasitiri yemazuva ano yekugadzira, kuita kweCNC milling muchina kunobata zvakananga kugadzirisa kunaka uye kugona kwekugadzira. Sechimwe chezvakakosha zveCNC milling muchina, iyo spindle chikamu chinoita basa rakakosha mukuita kwese kwechishandiso chemuchina. Chikamu che spindle chinoumbwa ne spindle, tsigiro ye spindle, mativi anotenderera akaiswa pachirukwa, uye yekuisa chisimbiso. Munguva yekugadziriswa kwechishandiso chemuchina, iyo spindle inotyaira iyo workpiece kana yekucheka chishandiso kuti itore zvakananga mukufamba kwepamusoro kuumba. Naizvozvo, kunzwisisa zvinodikanwa zveiyo spindle chikamu cheCNC milling muchina uye kuitisa yakagadziridzwa dhizaini kwakakosha zvikuru mukuvandudza mashandiro uye kugadzirisa kunaka kwechishandiso chemuchina.
Sechishandiso chakakosha chekugadzira muindasitiri yemazuva ano yekugadzira, kuita kweCNC milling muchina kunobata zvakananga kugadzirisa kunaka uye kugona kwekugadzira. Sechimwe chezvakakosha zveCNC milling muchina, iyo spindle chikamu chinoita basa rakakosha mukuita kwese kwechishandiso chemuchina. Chikamu che spindle chinoumbwa ne spindle, tsigiro ye spindle, mativi anotenderera akaiswa pachirukwa, uye yekuisa chisimbiso. Munguva yekugadziriswa kwechishandiso chemuchina, iyo spindle inotyaira iyo workpiece kana yekucheka chishandiso kuti itore zvakananga mukufamba kwepamusoro kuumba. Naizvozvo, kunzwisisa zvinodikanwa zveiyo spindle chikamu cheCNC milling muchina uye kuitisa yakagadziridzwa dhizaini kwakakosha zvikuru mukuvandudza mashandiro uye kugadzirisa kunaka kwechishandiso chemuchina.
II. Zvinodiwa zveSpindle Zvikamu zveCNC Milling Machines
- High rotational kururama
Kana chinorukwa chemuchina weCNC wekugaya pachiita kutenderera, gwara repoinzi rine zero linear velocity inodaidzwa kutenderera kwepakati pechirukwa. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, nzvimbo yepakati yepakati inotenderera inofanira kugadziriswa uye isingashanduki, iyo inonzi yakanaka rotational centerline. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekupesvedzera kwezvinhu zvakasiyana muchikamu che spindle, nzvimbo yepakati yeinotenderera yepakati inochinja nguva yega yega. Nzvimbo chaiyo yenzvimbo yepakati peinotenderera panguva imwechete inonzi nzvimbo yepakarepo yeinotenderera yepakati. Chinhambwe chine hukama nechakanaka chinotenderera chepakati ndicho chikanganiso chekutenderera che spindle. Rudzi rwekukanganisa kwekutenderera ndiko kutenderera chaiko kweiyo spindle.
Radial error, angular error, uye axial error hazviwanzovapo zvega. Kana kukanganisa kweradial uye kukanganisa kweangular kuripo panguva imwe chete, vanoita radial runout; apo axial kukanganisa uye kukanganisa kweangular zviripo panguva imwe chete, zvinoumba kupera kwechiso chekupedzisira. Yepamusoro-chaiyo gadziriso inoda kuti spindle ive yakanyanyisa kutenderera kutenderera kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzirisa mhando yezvishandiso. - Kuoma kwepamusoro
Kuomarara kwechikamu chemuchina wekugaya weCNC kunoreva kugona kwemuchinjiko kuramba deformation kana yaiswa simba. Iyo yakakura kuomarara kwechikamu che spindle, iyo idiki deformation ye spindle mushure mekuiswa pasi pekumanikidza. Pasi pechiito chekucheka simba uye mamwe masimba, iyo spindle inoburitsa elastic deformation. Kana iyo kuomarara kwechikamu che spindle isina kukwana, zvinotungamira mukudzikira kwekugadzirisa kurongeka, kukuvadza yakajairika kushanda mamiriro emabheri, kukurumidza kupfeka, uye kuderedza kurongeka.
Iko kuomarara kweiyo spindle kunoenderana nehukuru hwechimiro cheiyo spindle, iyo inotsigira span, mhando uye gadziriso yemabhengi akasarudzwa, kugadziridzwa kweiyo kutakura clearance, uye nzvimbo yezvinhu zvinotenderera pane spindle. Kugadziriswa kunonzwisisika kwechimiro chespindle, kusarudzwa kwemabheji akakodzera uye nzira dzekugadzirisa, uye kugadziriswa kwakakodzera kwekutakura kusununguka kunogona kuvandudza kuoma kwechikamu chepindle. - Kuramba kwakasimba kwekudengenyeka
Iyo vibration kuramba kweiyo spindle chikamu cheCNC milling muchina inoreva kugona kweiyo spindle kuramba yakagadzikana uye kusadedera panguva yekucheka. Kana iyo vibration kuramba kweiyo spindle chikamu isina kunaka, zviri nyore kugadzira vibration panguva yebasa, zvichikanganisa kunaka kwekugadzirisa uye kunyange kukuvadza maturusi ekucheka uye maturusi emuchina.
Kuti uvandudze kudzvinyirirwa kwekupokana kwechikamu che spindle, mabheji epamberi ane yakakura damping ratio anowanzoshandiswa. Kana zvichidikanwa, zvidzitiro zvekuvhundutsa zvinofanirwa kuiswa kuti zvigadzirise maitikiro echisikigo echikamu chespindle zvakanyanya kudarika kuwanda kwesimba rekukurudzira. Uye zvakare, iyo vibration kuramba kweiyo spindle inogona zvakare kukwidziridzwa nekugadzirisa iyo spindle chimiro uye nekuvandudza kugadzirisa uye kurongeka kwegungano. - Kuderera kwekushisa kunokwira
Kuwedzera tembiricha kukwira panguva yekushanda kweiyo spindle chikamu cheCNC milling muchina inogona kukonzera yakawanda yakaipa mhedzisiro. Chekutanga, chikamu che spindle uye bhokisi rinokanganisa nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekupisa, zvichikonzera shanduko munzvimbo dzakabatana dzeinotenderera yepakati peiyo spindle uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemuchina chishandiso, zvichikanganisa zvakananga kugadzirisa. Chechipiri, zvinhu zvakaita semabheri zvinoshandura kucheneswa kwakagadziriswa nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya, kuparadza zvakajairwa lubrication mamiriro, kukanganisa kushanda kwakajairwa kwemabhearings, uye mumatambudziko akaomarara, kunyange kukonzera "kubata kubata" chiitiko.
Kugadzirisa dambudziko rekukwira kwekushisa, CNC michina inowanzo shandisa tembiricha yekutenderera bhokisi. Iyo spindle inotonhodzwa kuburikidza neinotonhodza system kuchengetedza tembiricha yekuruka mukati meimwe tambo. Panguva imwecheteyo, sarudzo inonzwisisika yemhando dzekubereka, nzira dzekuzora, uye zvimiro zvekupisa zvinopisa zvinogona zvakare kudzikisa zvinobudirira kukwira kwekushisa kweiyo spindle. - Kuramba kwakanaka kupfeka
Iyo spindle chikamu che CNC chigayo muchina chinofanirwa kuve neyakakwana kupfeka kuramba kuchengetedza kuita kwayo kwenguva yakareba. Zvikamu zvinopfekwa zviri nyore pane spindle ndiyo yekuisa zvikamu zvekucheka maturusi kana workpieces uye yekushanda pamusoro peiyo spindle painofamba. Kuti uvandudze kupikisa kupfeka, zvikamu zviri pamusoro zvespindle zvinofanirwa kuomeswa, sekudzima, carburizing, nezvimwe, kuwedzera kuoma uye kupfeka kuramba.
Iwo ma spindle bearings anodawo mafuta ekuzora kuti aderedze kupokana uye kupfeka uye kunatsiridza kusapfeka. Kusarudza mafuta ekuzora akakodzera uye nzira dzekuzora uye kugara uchichengetedza spindle kunogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi yechikamu chepindo.
III. Optimization Dhizaini yeSpindle Zvikamu zveCNC Milling Machines
- Structural optimization
Gadzira zvine musoro chimiro chechimiro uye saizi yechipindo kuti uderedze huwandu uye nguva yeinertia ye spindle uye kuvandudza mashandiro ane simba eiyo spindle. Semuenzaniso, hollow spindle chimiro chinogona kugamuchirwa kudzikisa huremu hwe spindle uku uchivandudza kuomarara uye kuzunguza kuramba kweiyo spindle.
Gadzirisai nguva yekutsigira uye kutakura kumisikidzwa kweiyo spindle. Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa uye dhizaini dhizaini maitiro, sarudza akakodzera marudzi ekubereka uye huwandu kuti uvandudze kuoma uye kutenderera kweiyo spindle.
Gamuchira magadzirirwo epamberi ekugadzira uye zvigadzirwa kuti uvandudze kurongeka kwekugadzirisa uye nepamusoro pemhando ye spindle, kuderedza kukweshera uye kupfeka, uye kunatsiridza kupfeka kuramba uye hupenyu hwebasa re spindle. - Kubata kusarudzwa uye optimization
Sarudza akakodzera mabheji marudzi uye zvirevo. Zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sespindle kumhanya, mutoro, uye nemazvo zvinodiwa, sarudza mabhengi ane kuomarara kwepamusoro, kunyatsoita, uye kumhanya kwakanyanya. Semuyenzaniso, angular kuonana bhora mabearings, cylindrical roller mabearings, tapered roller bearings, nezvimwe.
Kururamisa preload uye clearance kugadziriswa kwemabheri. Nekugadzirisa zvine musoro kurongedzerwa uye kubvumidzwa kwemabhengi, kuomarara uye kutenderera kutenderera kweiyo spindle kunogona kuvandudzwa, nepo tembiricha ichikwira uye vibration yemabhengi inogona kuderedzwa.
Adopt akatakura lubrication uye kutonhora matekinoroji. Sarudza mafuta akakodzera uye nzira dzekuzora, senge oiri mhute yekuzora, mafuta-yemhepo lubrication, uye inotenderera lubrication, kunatsiridza lubrication maitiro emabheri, kuderedza kupokana uye kupfeka. Panguva imwecheteyo, shandisa hurongwa hwekutonhora kuti utonhodze mabheya uye uchengetedze kupisa kwekutakura mukati mehutano hwakanaka. - Vibration resistance design
Gamuchira zvimiro uye zvimisikidzo zvinobata zvekuvhundutsa, sekuisa zvimisikidzo uye kushandisa zvinhu zvinonyorovesa, kudzikisa kuvingaira kweruzhowa.
Gadzirisa iyo dynamic balance dhizaini ye spindle. Kuburikidza neyakajeka dhizaini kururamisa, kuderedza kusaenzana kwehuwandu hwe spindle uye kuderedza vibration uye ruzha.
Kuvandudza kugadziridzwa uye kurongeka kweiyo spindle kuderedza vibration kunokonzerwa nezvikanganiso zvekugadzira uye kusangana kwakashata. - Tembiricha inokwira kutonga
Dhizaini inonzwisisika yekupisa kupisa chimiro, sekuwedzera madhishi ekupisa uye kushandisa nzira yekutonhodza, kunatsiridza kupisa kwekupisa kweiyo spindle uye kuderedza kukwira kwekushisa.
Gadzirisa nzira yekuzora uye sarudzo yekuzora yechirungu kuti uderedze frictional kupisa chizvarwa uye kuderedza kukwira kwekushisa.
Gamuchira tembiricha yekutarisa uye yekudzora sisitimu yekutarisa shanduko yekushisa ye spindle munguva chaiyo. Kana tembiricha yadarika kukosha kwakaiswa, iyo yekutonhodza system inotangwa otomatiki kana mamwe matanho ekutonhodza anotorwa. - Pfeka kuramba kunatsiridza
Ita kurapa kwepamusoro pazvikamu zvinopfekwa zviri nyore zvespindle, senge kudzima, carburizing, nitriding, nezvimwe, kuvandudza kuomarara kwepasi uye kupfeka kuramba.
Sarudza chakakodzera chekucheka chishandiso uye workpiece yekumisikidza nzira dzekudzikisa kusakara pane spindle.
Gara uchichengetedza chokurunga uye kutsiva zvidimbu zvakasakara nenguva kuti chirungiso chirambe chiri muchimiro chakanaka.
IV. Mhedziso
Kuita kweiyo spindle chikamu cheCNC milling muchina kune hukama zvakananga nemhando yekugadzira uye kugona kwekugadzira kwechishandiso chemuchina. Kuti usangane nezvinodiwa zvemazuva ano indasitiri yekugadzira yemhando yepamusoro-chaiyo uye yakakwirira-inoshanda kugadzirisa, zvinodikanwa kuve nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezvinodiwa zveiyo spindle chikamu cheCNC milling michina uye kuita yakagadziridzwa dhizaini. Kuburikidza nezviyero zvakaita sekugadzirisa zvimiro, kutakura kusarudzwa uye optimization, vibration kuramba dhizaini, tembiricha yekukwira, uye kupfeka kuramba kuvandudza, kutenderera chaiko, kuomarara, kuramba kuzunguzika, kukwira kwekushisa, uye kupfeka kuramba kwechikamu che spindle kunogona kuvandudzwa, nekudaro kuvandudza kuita kwese uye kugadzirisa kunaka kwemuchina we CNC milling. Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa uye zvimiro zvemuchina, zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvizere uye chirongwa chakakodzera chekugadzirisa chinofanira kusarudzwa kuti chizadzikise kuita kwakanyanya kweiyo spindle chikamu cheCNC milling machine.
Kuita kweiyo spindle chikamu cheCNC milling muchina kune hukama zvakananga nemhando yekugadzira uye kugona kwekugadzira kwechishandiso chemuchina. Kuti usangane nezvinodiwa zvemazuva ano indasitiri yekugadzira yemhando yepamusoro-chaiyo uye yakakwirira-inoshanda kugadzirisa, zvinodikanwa kuve nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezvinodiwa zveiyo spindle chikamu cheCNC milling michina uye kuita yakagadziridzwa dhizaini. Kuburikidza nezviyero zvakaita sekugadzirisa zvimiro, kutakura kusarudzwa uye optimization, vibration kuramba dhizaini, tembiricha yekukwira, uye kupfeka kuramba kuvandudza, kutenderera chaiko, kuomarara, kuramba kuzunguzika, kukwira kwekushisa, uye kupfeka kuramba kwechikamu che spindle kunogona kuvandudzwa, nekudaro kuvandudza kuita kwese uye kugadzirisa kunaka kwemuchina we CNC milling. Mumashandisirwo anoshanda, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa uye zvimiro zvemuchina, zvinhu zvakasiyana zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvizere uye chirongwa chakakodzera chekugadzirisa chinofanira kusarudzwa kuti chizadzikise kuita kwakanyanya kweiyo spindle chikamu cheCNC milling machine.