"Tsanangudzo Yakadzama yeKuumbwa uye Zvinodiwa zveServo System yeMachining Centers"
I. Kuumbwa kwe servo system ye machining centers
Munzvimbo dzemazuva ano dzemuchina, iyo servo system inoita basa rakakosha. Iyo inoumbwa ne servo maseketi, servo drive zvishandiso, mechanika ekutapurirana nzira, uye actuating zvikamu.
Basa guru reiyo servo system kugashira kukurumidza kwekudya uye masaini ekuraira masaini anopihwa nenhamba yekudzora system. Kutanga, iyo servo drive wedunhu ichaita imwe shanduko uye simba rekusimudzira pane aya masaini ekuraira. Zvadaro, kuburikidza ne servo drive zvishandiso senge stepper motors, DC servo motors, AC servo mota, nezvimwewo, uye michina yekufambisa masisitimu, zvinhu zvinosimudzira senge muchina wekushandisa tafura uye spindle headstock zvinofambiswa kuwana basa rekudya uye nekukurumidza kufamba. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mumichina yekudzora nhamba, mudziyo weCNC wakafanana ne "uropi" iyo inoraira, nepo servo system iri dhizaini, se "nhengo" yemuchina wekudzora nhamba, uye inogona kuita nemazvo mirairo yekufamba kubva kuCNC mudziyo.
Kuenzaniswa nemadhiraivha masisitimu ezvishandiso zvemuchina, iyo servo system yemachining nzvimbo ine yakakosha misiyano. Iyo inogona kunyatso kudzora kumhanya kwekufamba uye chinzvimbo chezvinoita zvinhu zvinoenderana nemirairo yemirairo, uye inogona kuona mafambiro ekufamba akagadzirwa neakati wandei actuating zvikamu zvinofamba zvinoenderana nemimwe mitemo. Izvi zvinoda iyo servo system kuti ive nehupamhi hwechokwadi, kugadzikana, uye nekukurumidza kupindura kugona.
Munzvimbo dzemazuva ano dzemuchina, iyo servo system inoita basa rakakosha. Iyo inoumbwa ne servo maseketi, servo drive zvishandiso, mechanika ekutapurirana nzira, uye actuating zvikamu.
Basa guru reiyo servo system kugashira kukurumidza kwekudya uye masaini ekuraira masaini anopihwa nenhamba yekudzora system. Kutanga, iyo servo drive wedunhu ichaita imwe shanduko uye simba rekusimudzira pane aya masaini ekuraira. Zvadaro, kuburikidza ne servo drive zvishandiso senge stepper motors, DC servo motors, AC servo mota, nezvimwewo, uye michina yekufambisa masisitimu, zvinhu zvinosimudzira senge muchina wekushandisa tafura uye spindle headstock zvinofambiswa kuwana basa rekudya uye nekukurumidza kufamba. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mumichina yekudzora nhamba, mudziyo weCNC wakafanana ne "uropi" iyo inoraira, nepo servo system iri dhizaini, se "nhengo" yemuchina wekudzora nhamba, uye inogona kuita nemazvo mirairo yekufamba kubva kuCNC mudziyo.
Kuenzaniswa nemadhiraivha masisitimu ezvishandiso zvemuchina, iyo servo system yemachining nzvimbo ine yakakosha misiyano. Iyo inogona kunyatso kudzora kumhanya kwekufamba uye chinzvimbo chezvinoita zvinhu zvinoenderana nemirairo yemirairo, uye inogona kuona mafambiro ekufamba akagadzirwa neakati wandei actuating zvikamu zvinofamba zvinoenderana nemimwe mitemo. Izvi zvinoda iyo servo system kuti ive nehupamhi hwechokwadi, kugadzikana, uye nekukurumidza kupindura kugona.
II. Zvinodiwa zve servo system
- High nemazvo
Numerical control machines inogadzira otomatiki maererano nechirongwa chakafanotemerwa. Naizvozvo, kugadzirisa yakakwirira-chaiyo uye yepamusoro-mhando workpieces, iyo servo system pachayo inofanirwa kuve nehupamhi hwepamusoro. Kazhinji kutaura, iko kurongeka kunofanirwa kusvika padanho remicron. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mukugadzira kwemazuva ano, izvo zvinodikanwa zvemaworkpieces zviri kuwedzera nekukwira. Kunyanya muminda yakadai seaerospace, kugadzira mota, uye midziyo yemagetsi, kunyangwe chikanganiso chidiki chinogona kutungamira kune zvakakomba.
Kuti uwane yakakwirira-chaiyo kudzora, iyo servo system inoda kutora epamberi sensor matekinoroji senge encoder uye grating vatongi kuti vatarise chinzvimbo uye kumhanya kwezvinoita zvinhu munguva chaiyo. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo servo drive mudziyo inodawo kuve neyepamusoro-chaiyo control algorithm kuti inyatso kudzora kumhanya uye torque yemota. Pamusoro pezvo, iko kurongeka kweiyo mechanical transmission mechanism inewo mhedzisiro yakakosha pakurongeka kweiyo servo system. Naizvozvo, kana uchigadzira uye kugadzira machining nzvimbo, zvinodikanwa kusarudza yakakwirira-chaiyo yekutumira zvinhu senge bhora screws uye mitsara madhairekitori kuti ive nechokwadi chechokwadi zvinodiwa zve servo system. - Fast speed mhinduro
Kukurumidza kupindura ndechimwe chezviratidzo zvakakosha zvesimba resimba reiyo servo system. Zvinoda kuti servo system ine diki yekutevera kukanganisa ichitevera chiratidzo chekuraira, uye ine nekukurumidza mhinduro uye kugadzikana kwakanaka. Kunyanya, zvinodikanwa kuti mushure mekupihwa kupinza, sisitimu inogona kusvika kana kudzoreredza iyo yekutanga yakagadzikana mamiriro munguva pfupi, kazhinji mukati me200ms kana kunyange gumi nemaviri emamilliseconds.
Iko kukurumidza kupindura kugona kune yakakosha kukanganisa kwekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa mhando yemachining nzvimbo. Mune yakakwirira-kumhanya machining, iyo yekuonana nguva pakati pechishandiso uye workpiece ipfupi kwazvo. Iyo servo system inoda kukwanisa kupindura kuchiratidzo chekuraira nekukurumidza uye kugadzirisa chinzvimbo uye kumhanya kwechishandiso kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzirisa uye kunaka kwepamusoro. Panguva imwecheteyo, kana uchigadzira maworkpieces ane maumbirwo akaomarara, iyo servo system inofanirwa kukwanisa kupindura nekukurumidza kune shanduko yemasaini ekuraira uye kuona akawanda-axis yekubatanidza yekudzora kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzirisa uye kunyatsoita.
Kuti uvandudze kukurumidza kupindura kugona kweiyo servo system, yakakwirira-inoshanda servo drive zvishandiso uye kutonga algorithms inoda kugamuchirwa. Semuenzaniso, kushandisa AC servo motors, ine kukurumidza kupindura kumhanya, hombe torque, uye yakafara yekumhanyisa regulation renji, inogona kusangana nepamusoro-kumhanya machining zvinodiwa zvemachining nzvimbo. Panguva imwecheteyo, kutora advanced control algorithms senge PID control, fuzzy control, uye neural network control inogona kuvandudza kukurumidza kwekupindura uye kugadzikana kweiyo servo system. - Huru yekumhanyisa regulation range
Nekuda kwezvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana zvekucheka, zvishandiso zvebasa, uye zvinodikanwa zvekugadzirisa, kuve nechokwadi chekuti michina yekudzora nhamba inogona kuwana yakanakisa yekucheka mamiriro pasi pe chero mamiriro ezvinhu, iyo servo system inofanirwa kunge iine yakakwana yekumhanyisa regi regulation. Inogona kusangana nezvose zviri zviviri zvekumhanya machining zvinodiwa uye yakaderera-kumhanya kwekudya zvinodiwa.
Mukumhanya-mhanya machining, iyo servo system inoda kukwanisa kupa kumhanya kwakanyanya uye kukwidziridza kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka. Ndichiri mukudyisa kwakaderera, iyo servo system inoda kukwanisa kupa yakagadzikana yakaderera-kumhanya torque kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzirisa kwakaringana uye pamusoro pemhando. Naizvozvo, iyo yekumhanyisa kudzora huwandu hweiyo servo system kazhinji inoda kusvika zviuru zvinoverengeka kana kunyange makumi ezviuru zvekuchinja paminiti.
Kuti uwane yakakura yekumhanyisa regulation redhiyo, yakakwirira-inoshanda servo drive zvishandiso uye yekumhanyisa kudzora nzira dzinofanirwa kugamuchirwa. Semuyenzaniso, kushandisa AC inosiyana frequency yekumhanyisa regulation tekinoroji inogona kuona isina nhanho yekumhanyisa kudzora kwemota, ine yakafara yekumhanyisa regulation renji, kunyatsoshanda, uye kuvimbika kwakanaka. Panguva imwecheteyo, kutora advanced control algorithms senge vector control uye yakananga torque control inogona kuvandudza kukurumidza kudzora kuita uye kugona kwemota. - Kuvimbika kwepamusoro
Mwero wekushanda kwemichina yekudzora nhamba yakakura kwazvo, uye inowanzoshanda nguva dzose kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana. Naizvozvo, vanofanirwa kushanda zvakavimbika. Kuvimbika kwehurongwa kunowanzoenderana neavhareji kukosha kwehurefu hwenguva dzenguva pakati pekutadza, ndiko kuti, nguva yepakati pasina kukundikana. Iyo yakareba nguva ino, zviri nani.
Kuti uvandudze kuvimbika kweiyo servo system, zvikamu zvemhando yepamusoro uye maitiro ekugadzira epamberi anofanirwa kugamuchirwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuyedzwa kwakasimba uye kutonga kwemhando ye servo system inodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuita kwayo kugadzikana uye kwakavimbika. Pamusoro pezvo, dhizaini yakawandisa uye tekinoroji yekuongorora zvibodzwa inoda kutorwa kuti ivandudze kushivirira kwekukanganisa uye kugona kwekutadza kuongororwa kweiyo system kuitira kuti igone kugadziriswa nenguva kana kukanganisa kukaitika uye kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakajairika kwenzvimbo yekugadzira. - Torque yakakura pakumhanya kwakaderera
Michina yekudzora nhamba inowanzoita kucheka kunorema nekumhanya kwakaderera. Naizvozvo, iyo feed servo system inodiwa kuti ive nehombe torque inobuda nekumhanya kwakaderera kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvekucheka kugadzirisa.
Panguva yekucheka kunorema, simba rekucheka pakati pechombo uye workpiece yakakura zvikuru. Iyo servo system inoda kukwanisa kupa torque yakakwana kukunda simba rekucheka uye kuve nechokwadi chekufambira mberi kwakanaka kwekugadzirisa. Kuti uwane yakaderera-inomhanya yakakwira-torque kuburitsa, yepamusoro-inoshanda servo drive zvishandiso uye mota dzinofanirwa kugamuchirwa. Semuenzaniso, kushandisa magineti echigarire synchronous motors, ane yakakwira torque density, kunyatsoshanda, uye kuvimbika kwakanaka, inogona kuzadzisa yakaderera-yepamusoro-torque zvinodiwa zvemachining nzvimbo. Panguva imwecheteyo, kutora advanced control algorithms senge yakananga torque control inogona kuvandudza torque yekubuda kugona uye kugona kwemota.
Mukupedzisa, iyo servo system yemachining nzvimbo chikamu chakakosha chemanhamba ekudzora michina. Kuita kwayo kunobata zvakananga kugadzirisa, kunyatsoita, uye kuvimbika kwenzvimbo dzemachining. Naizvozvo, pakugadzira nekugadzira machining nzvimbo, kuumbwa uye zvinodiwa zve servo system zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvizere, uye matekinoroji epamberi nemidziyo inoda kusarudzwa kuti ivandudze mashandiro uye kunaka kweiyo servo system uye kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekusimudzira zvekugadzirwa kwemazuva ano.