"Tsanangudzo Yakadzama yeNhungamiro Yenjanji Mhando dzeCNC Machining Centers"
Mukugadzira kwemazuva ano, CNC machining nzvimbo dzinoita basa rakakosha. Sechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvenzvimbo yekugadzira machining, njanji inotungamira inobata zvakananga kurongeka, kugadzikana, uye kugona kwenzvimbo yekugadzira. Vagadziri veCNC machining Center vanozivisa zvakadzama marudzi akati wandei enzira dzenjanji dzemachining nzvimbo.
I. Classification by Motion Trajectory
- Linear Motion Guide Rail
Iyo linear motion guide rail ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa njanji mhando munzvimbo dzemachining. Inotungamira zvikamu zvinofamba kuti zvifambe zvakanyatsonaka mumutsara wakatwasuka. Linear motion guide rails ine zvakanakira chimiro chakareruka, kugadzira kuri nyore, uye nyore vimbiso yechokwadi. Pane imwe neimwe axis yenzvimbo yekugadzira, senge X-axis, Y-axis, uye Z-axis, mutsara inofamba njanji inowanzoshandiswa.
Iko kurongeka uye kuita kwemutsara inofamba njanji inotsamira pane zvinhu, maitiro ekugadzira, uye nekumisikidzwa kweiyo njanji inotungamira. Yepamusoro-yemhando yemutsara inofamba inotungamira njanji inogona kuve yakagadzikana kurongeka uye kuvimbika kweiyo machining centre pasi pekumhanya-mhanya uye kuremerwa mamiriro. - Circular Motion Guide Rail
Circular motion guide rails inonyanya kushandiswa kune inotenderera shafts ye machining centers kana zvinhu zvinoda denderedzwa kufamba. Dhizaini nekugadzira njanji yedenderedzwa inofamba njanji yakaoma, uye zvinhu zvakaita se centrifugal simba uye kukwesha zvinoda kutariswa nekuda kwekunyanya kutenderera kwedenderedzwa.
Circular motion guide rails inowanzo shandisa high-precision bhora kana roller bearings kuti ive nechokwadi chekutsvedza uye kurongeka kwekutenderera kwekufamba. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakwirira-chaiyo machining, hydrostatic circular motion guide rails inoshandiswawo kuwedzera kuvandudza kurongeka uye kugadzikana kweshaft inotenderera.
II. Kusarudzika neKushanda Chimiro
- Main Motion Guide Rail
Iyo huru yekufambisa njanji ndiyo njanji inotungamira ine basa rekuona mafambiro makuru echishandiso kana workpiece munzvimbo yekugadzira. Iko kurongeka uye kuita kweiyo main motion guide njanji kune yakakosha kukanganisa kurongeka kwemuchina uye kugona kweiyo machining centre.
Munzvimbo dzemuchina, njanji dzakakwirira-chaiyo yekutenderedza njanji kana hydrostatic gwara renjanji rinowanzo shandiswa kune huru yekufambisa njanji. Aya njanji anotungamira ane hunhu hwakadai sekumhanya kwepamusoro, kurongeka kwepamusoro, uye kuomarara kwepamusoro, uye anogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemachining nzvimbo pasi pekucheka-kumhanya-mhanya uye inorema-mutoro machining mamiriro. - Feed Motion Guide Rail
Iyo feed motion guide njanji ndiyo inotungamira njanji ine basa rekuona mafambiro echishandiso kana workpiece munzvimbo yekugadzira. Iko kurongeka uye kugadzikana kweiyo feed motion guide njanji inokanganisa zvakananga machining uye nepamusoro mhando yenzvimbo yekugadzira.
Feed motion guide rails anowanzo shandisa njanji dzinotsvedza, njanji dzinotenderedza, kana njanji yehydrostatic. Pakati pavo, rolling guide rails uye hydrostatic guide rails ine yakakwirira yakarurama uye kugadzikana uye inokodzera yakakwirira-chaiyo machining nzvimbo; nepo sliding guide rails ine zvakanakira chimiro chakareruka uye yakaderera mutengo uye yakakodzera kune imwe yepakati uye yakaderera-chaiyo machining nzvimbo. - Adjustment Guide Rail
Iyo inogadzirisa njanji njanji ndiyo inotungamira njanji inoshandiswa mune machining centre kugadzirisa nzvimbo yechishandiso kana workpiece. Iko kurongeka uye kushanduka kwechigadziriso chinotungamira njanji kune zvakakosha pakuita machining kurongeka uye kushanda nyore kweiyo machining centre.
Kugadziridza njanji dzinowanzo shandisa njanji dzinotsvedza kana njanji dzinotenderedza. Aya njanji anotungamira ane diki friction coefficient uye yakanyanya kurongeka uye anogona kuona zviri nyore kugadzirisa kwakanaka kwechishandiso kana workpiece.
III. Kukamurwa neFriction Nature yeKubata Surface
- Sliding Guide Rail
(1) Traditional Sliding Guide Rail
Traditional cast iron-cast iron and cast iron-quenched steel guide rails ine zvakanakira chimiro chakareruka, kugadzira nyore, kusimba kwakanaka, uye yakakwirira vibration kuramba. Zvisineyi, rudzi urwu rwenjanji ine zvakaipira zveyakakura static friction coefficient uye dynamic friction coefficient inoshanduka nekumhanya, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwekukwesha. Pakumhanya kwakaderera (1-60 mm/min), zvinokambaira zvinowanzoitika, nokudaro zvichideredza kurongeka kwenzvimbo dzinofamba. Naizvozvo, kunze kwezvehupfumi CNC muchina maturusi, yechinyakare inotsvedza njanji haichashandiswe pane mamwe CNC muchina maturusi.
(2) Plastic-Clad Sliding Guide Rail
Parizvino, mazhinji CNC muchina maturusi anoshandisa epurasitiki-akapfeka edhiraivha njanji, kureva, bhandi repurasitiki rakapfava rinoumbwa nepurasitiki uye mamwe makemikari zvinhu zvakanamirwa pamusoro pekukwenya kwenjanji inofamba. Mapurasitiki enjanji anowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita marudzi maviri: Teflon gwara renjanji bhandi rakapfava uye epoxy kupfeka-resistant njanji coating.
Plastic-clad sliding guide rails ine zvinotevera maitiro:- Hunhu hwakanaka hwekukweshana: Iyo firimu repurasitiki rakapfava bhandi replastic-clad guide rail rine yakaderera friction coefficient, iyo inogona kuderedza friction kuramba kwezvikamu zvinofamba uye kugadzirisa kutsetseka kwekufamba.
- Kupfeka kwakanaka kuramba: Iyo firimu repurasitiki rakapfava bhandi rine zvakanaka kupfeka kuramba uye rinogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi yechitima chekutungamira.
- Kufamba kwakadzikama: Iko friction coefficient yeplastic-clad guide rail yakagadzikana uye haishanduki nekukurumidza. Nokudaro, kufamba kwakagadzikana uye kukambaira zviitiko hazvisi nyore kuitika.
- Yakanaka vibration damping: Iyo yepurasitiki firimu rakapfava bhandi rine kumwe elasticity uye rinogona kutora vibration yezvikamu zvinofamba uye kugadzirisa iko machining eiyo machining centre.
- Yakanaka manufacturability: Maitiro ekugadzira epurasitiki-akapfeka edhiraivha njanji ari nyore, ane mutengo wakaderera uye nyore kuisa nekugadzirisa.
- Rolling Guide Rail
(1) Nheyo Yokushanda
Njanji dzinotenderedza dzinoisa zvinhu zvinomonereka senge mabhora, ma roller, netsono pakati penzvimbo yenjanji kushandura kukwesha pakati penzvimbo yenjanji kuita kukweshana. Iyi nzira yekukwesha inoderedza zvakanyanya kukwesha kuramba uye inovandudza kunzwisiswa uye kurongeka kwekufamba.
(2) Zvakanakira- Kunzwa kwakanyanya: Musiyano pakati peiyo dynamic friction coefficient uye static friction coefficient ye rolling guide rails idiki kwazvo, saka kufamba kwakadzikama uye kukambaira zviitiko hazvisi nyore kuitika kana uchifamba nekumhanya kwakaderera.
- Kurongeka kwenzvimbo yepamusoro: Kudzokororwa kwekumisikidza kurongeka kwenjanji inotenderedza njanji inogona kusvika 0.2 um, iyo inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvepamusoro-chaiyo machining nzvimbo.
- Diki friction resistance: Iyo rolling friction coefficient of rolling elements idiki pane inotsvedza friction coefficient, zvichiita kuti kufamba kwezvikamu zvinofamba kuve kureruke uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba rekutyaira.
- Kupfeka kudiki, kurongeka kwakanaka, uye hupenyu hurefu hwesevhisi: Nzvimbo yekubatanidza pakati pezvinhu zvinotenderedza uye inotungamira njanji idiki, ine kushoma kupfeka uye inogona kuchengetedza yakanyanya kunaka kwenguva yakareba.
(3) Zvakaipa
Rolling inotungamira njanji ine kushomeka kwekudedera kuramba uye yakakwirira kuchengetedza zvinodiwa. Munguva yekugadzira machining, vibration ichakanganisa kufamba chaiko kwezvinhu zvinotenderedza, nekudaro kudzikisa kurongeka kweiyo machining centre. Uye zvakare, rolling guide rails inoda nzira dzekudzivirira dzakanaka kudzivirira huruva, machipisi uye zvimwe zvitsvina kuti zvipinde mugwara renjanji uye kukuvadza zvinhu zvinotenderedza uye njanji.
(4) Zviitiko zvekushandisa
Rolling guide rails inonyanya kukodzera nguva apo zvikamu zvekushanda zvematurusi emuchina zvinoda kufamba kwakafanana, kufamba kwakasimba, uye kurongeka kwepamusoro. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei rolling gwara renjanji richishandiswa zvakanyanya muCNC muchina maturusi.
- Hydrostatic Guide Rail
(1) Liquid Hydrostatic Guide Rail- Kushanda Nheyo
Pane kamuri yemafuta pakati peaviri njanji njanji inoshanda nzvimbo yemvura hydrostatic gwara renjanji. Mushure mekuunza mafuta ekuzora neimwe kudzvinyirirwa, firimu remafuta rehydrostatic rinogona kuumbwa, richigadzira nzvimbo yebasa renjanji mukukwesha kwakachena kwemvura pasina kupfeka uye nekuchengetedza kwakanaka. - Zvakanakira
- Kunyanya kurongeka: Liquid hydrostatic gwara renjanji rinogona kupa yakanyanya kurongeka uye kuve nechokwadi kugadzikana kwakagadzikana kweiyo machining centre pasi pekumhanya-mhanya uye kuremerwa mamiriro.
- Yakaderera friction coefficient: Kwakachena mvura kukwesha kunoita kuti friction coefficient iderere zvakanyanya, ichideredza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwesimba rekutyaira.
- Hapana kukambaira nekumhanya kwakaderera: Kunyangwe pakumhanya kwakaderera, mvura yehydrostatic inotungamira njanji hairatidzi kukambaira zviitiko, kuve nechokwadi kutsetseka kwekufamba.
- Yakakura kutakura kugona uye kuomarara kwakanaka: Iyo hydrostatic oiri firimu inokwanisa kumirisana nemutoro wakakura, ichivandudza kutakura uye kusimba kweiyo machining centre.
- Oiri ine vibration absorption mhedzisiro uye yakanaka vibration kuramba: Oiri inogona kutora vibration uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwekudedera panguva yekugadzira pane machining chaiko.
- Zvakaipa
Chimiro chemvura hydrostatic gwara renjanji chakaoma, chinoda oiri yekugovera sisitimu, uye kuchena kwemafuta kunodiwa kuve kwakakwira. Izvi zvinowedzera mari yekugadzira nekugadzirisa. - Classification
Liquid hydrostatic gwara renji remachining nzvimbo rinogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru: yakavhurika mhando uye yakavharwa mhando. Kamuri yemafuta yemvura yakavhurika hydrostatic guide rail yakabatana zvakananga kune yekunze, ine chimiro chakareruka asi inotarisana nekusvibiswa kwekunze; kamuri yemafuta yemvura yakavharwa hydrostatic guide rail yakavharwa, uye oiri inodzokororwa kuti ishandiswe, iine hutsanana hwepamusoro asi chimiro chakaoma.
(2) Gasi Hydrostatic Guide Rail - Kushanda Nheyo
Mushure mekuunza gasi neimwe dzvinyiriro pakati pezviviri zvinotungamira njanji yekushanda yemhepo hydrostatic dhiraivha njanji, hydrostatic air film inogona kuumbwa, ichiita maviri ekutungamira njanji yeCNC punching muchina apatsanurwa zvakaenzana kuti iwane yakakwirira-chaiyo kufamba. - Zvakanakira
- Diki friction coefficient: Iko friction coefficient yegasi idiki zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti kufamba kwezvikamu zvinofamba kuve kureruke.
- Hazvisi nyore kukonzera kupisa uye deformation: Nekuda kweiyo diki friction coefficient, kushoma kupisa kunogadzirwa uye hazvisi nyore kukonzera kupisa uye deformation yegwara renjanji.
- Zvakaipa
- Diki kutakura simba: Kutakura kwegasi hydrostatic gwara renjanji idiki uye inowanzoshandiswa muzviitiko zvine mitoro midiki.
- Kuchinja kwemhepo yemhepo kunokanganisa kurongeka: Kuchinja-chinja kwemhepo kunokonzeresa shanduko mufirimu remhepo, zvichizokanganisa kurongeka kwenjanji.
- Kudzivirirwa kweguruva kunofanirwa kucherechedzwa: Guruva rinowira mumhepo inotungamira njanji inokonzeresa kukuvadza kune inotungamira njanji, saka matanho anoshanda ekudzivirira guruva anofanira kutorwa.
- Kushanda Nheyo
Mukupedzisa, kune akasiyana marudzi enjanji ekutungamira eCNC machining nzvimbo, uye yega yega njanji ine mabhenefiti ayo akasiyana uye zviitiko zvekushandisa. Pakusarudza njanji yenzvimbo yekugadzira machining, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo uye nharaunda yekushandisa yenzvimbo yemuchina, zvinhu zvakaita sekurongeka, kumhanya, kutakura simba, uye vibration kuramba kwechitima chinotungamira kunofanirwa kutariswa zvakakwana kuti usarudze yakanyatsokodzera gwara renjanji kuti ive nechokwadi chekuita uye machining mhando yenzvimbo yekugadzira machining.