Nhau - Ongorora zvinhu zvikuru zvitatu zvinoda kuyerwa kwechokwadi kana uchiendesa CNC machining Center.

Ongororo yeZvinhu Zvinokosha muKugashira Kwazvo kweCNC Machining Centers

Abstract: Iri bepa rinotsanangudza zvakadzama pazvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvinofanirwa kuyerwa nemazvo kana uchiendesa CNC machining nzvimbo, zvinoti geometric chaiyo, positioning precision, uye kucheka chaiko. Kuburikidza nekuongorora kwakadzama kwezvinorehwa nechinhu chimwe nechimwe chakanyatsojeka, zviri mukati mekuongorora, maturusi ekuongorora anowanzo shandiswa, uye matanho ekuongorora, inopa hurongwa hwakakwana uye hwakarongeka hwebasa rekugamuchirwa reCNC machining nzvimbo, izvo zvinobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti machining nzvimbo dzine kuita kwakanaka uye nekurongeka painounzwa kuti ishandiswe, kusangana nepamusoro-chaizvo kugadzirwa kweindasitiri zvinodiwa.

I. Nhanganyaya

Seimwe yemidziyo yakakosha mukugadzira kwemazuva ano, iko kurongeka kweCNC machining nzvimbo kunobata zvakananga kunaka kweakagadziridzwa mapeji ekushanda uye kugona kugadzira. Munguva yekuendesa nhanho, zvakakosha kuita zviyero zvakakwana uye zvine hungwaru uye kugamuchirwa kweiyo geometric chaiyo, yekumisikidza chaiyo, uye kucheka chaiko. Izvi hazvisi chete zvine chekuita nekuvimbika kwemidziyo kana yaiswa pakutanga, asiwo yakakosha vimbiso kune yayo inotevera-yakareba yakagadzikana kushanda uye yakakwirira-chaiyo kugadzirisa.

II. Geometric Precision Kuongorora kweCNC Machining Centers

(I) Kuongorora Zvinhu uye Connotations

Tichitora yakajairwa vertical machining center semuenzaniso, iyo geometric chaiyo yekuongorora inovhara akati wandei akakosha zvinhu.

Kudzikama kweiyo Worktable Surface: Seyekudzvanya rengedzo yezvishandiso zvebasa, kupfava kwenzvimbo inogoneka kunobata zvakananga kumisikidzwa kweiyo workpieces uye planar mhando mushure mekugadzirisa. Kana iyo flatness ichipfuura kushivirira, matambudziko akadai seasina kuenzana ukobvu uye kushata kwepamusoro roughness zvichaitika kana kugadzirisa planar workpieces.
Mutual Perpendicularity yeMafambiro mune Imwe neimwe Coordinate Direction: The perpendicularity kutsauka pakati peX, Y, uye Z coordinates maekisi zvinokonzeresa 扭曲变形 mune spatial geometric chimiro chebasa rakagadziriswa. Semuenzaniso, kana uchikuya cuboid workpiece, iyo yepakutanga perpendicular mipendero ichange iine angular deviations, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda kwegungano reworkpiece.
Parallelism yeWorktable Surface panguva yeMafambiro muX uye Y Coordinate Directions: Iyi parallelism inovimbisa kuti hukama hwechinzvimbo pakati pechishandiso chekucheka uye chinogoneka chepamusoro chinoramba chiripo kana chishandiso chichifamba mundege yeX neY. Zvikasadaro, panguva yekugadzira milling, zvibvumirano zvemachining zvisina kuenzana zvichaitika, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwemhando yepamusoro uye kunyangwe kupfeka kwakanyanya kwechishandiso chekucheka.
Parallelism yeRutivi rweT-slot paWorktable Surface panguva yeKufamba muX Coordinate Direction: Kune machining mabasa anoda kugadzirisa nzvimbo uchishandisa T-slot, iko kurongeka kweiyi parallelism kune hukama nekurongeka kwekumisikidza kwekugadzirisa, izvo zvinozokanganisa kumira kwacho uye machining iko kweiyo workpiece.
Axial Runout yeSpindle: Iyo axial runout ye spindle ichakonzera kutama kudiki kwechishandiso chekucheka mune axial direction. Munguva yekuchera, kufinha uye mamwe machining maitiro, zvinokonzeresa zvikanganiso mugomba dhayamita saizi, kushata kwegomba cylindricity, uye kuwedzera kwepamusoro roughness.
Radial Runout yeSpindle Bore: Inokanganisa kurovedzera chaiko kwechishandiso chekucheka, zvichiita kuti radial chinzvimbo chechishandiso ive isina kugadzikana panguva yekutenderera. Kana uchikuya denderedzwa rekunze kana maburi anofinha, zvinowedzera kukanganisa kwechimiro chechikamu chakagadzirwa, zvichiita kuti zviome kuona kutenderera uye cylindricity.
Parallelism yeSpindle Axis kana Spindle Bhokisi Ichifamba pamwe neZ Coordinate Direction: Iyi indekisi chaiyo yakakosha pakuona kuenderana kwechinzvimbo chehukama pakati pechishandiso chekucheka uye workpiece paunenge uchigadzira munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeZ-axis. Kana parallelism iri murombo, kusaenzana machining kudzika kuchaitika panguva yakadzika yekugaya kana kufinha.
Perpendicularity yeSpindle Rotation Axis kune Worktable Surface: Kune yakatwasuka machining nzvimbo, iyi perpendicularity inotarisisa iko kurongeka kwemachina yakatwasuka nzvimbo uye yakarerekera nzvimbo. Kana pane kutsauka, matambudziko akadai seasiri-perpendicular vertical surfaces uye asina kururama akarerekera epamusoro makona achaitika.
Kutwasanuka kweSpindle Box Movement pamwe neZ Coordinate Direction: Iko kukanganisa kwekururama kuchaita kuti chishandiso chekucheka chibve kubva pane yakaringana yakatwasuka trajectory panguva yekufamba pamwe neZ-axis. Paunenge uchigadzira maburi akadzika kana akawanda-nhanho nzvimbo, zvinokonzeresa coaxiality kukanganisa pakati pematanho uye kutwasanuka zvikanganiso zvemakomba.

(II) Zvishandiso Zvinowanzoshandiswa Zvokuongorora

Geometric precision inspection inoda kushandiswa kwepamusoro-soro yekuongorora maturusi. Precision mazinga anogona kushandiswa kuyera kuenzana kwenzvimbo inogoneka uye kutwasuka uye parallelism mune yega yega coordis axis direction; precision square boxes, right-angle squares, uye parallel vatongi vanogona kubatsira mukuona perpendicularity uye parallelism; parallel light tubes inogona kupa yakakwirira-chaiyo referensi mitsetse yakatwasuka yekuenzanisa kuyerwa; dial zviratidzo uye micrometers anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuyera akasiyana madiki ekutamisa uye runouts, senge axial runout uye radial runout ye spindle; high-precision test bars dzinowanzo shandiswa kuona kurongeka kwechipindo chibore uye hukama hweposition pakati pechirukwa nemasanhu anoronga.

(III) Kuongorora Kuchengetedza

Iyo geometric chaiyo yekuongorora yeCNC machining nzvimbo inofanirwa kupedzwa panguva imwe chete mushure mekunyatsogadziriswa kweCNC machining nzvimbo. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kune hukama hwakabatana uye hwekudyidzana pakati pezviratidziro zvakasiyana-siyana zvejometri chaiyo. Semuenzaniso, kupfava kwenzvimbo yekushanda uye kufanana kwekufamba kwemaakisi ekubatanidza kunogona kurambidza mumwe nemumwe. Kugadzirisa chinhu chimwe chinogona kunge chine chekuita neketani pane zvimwe zvinhu zvine hukama. Kana chinhu chimwe chichigadziriswa uye chikazoongororwa chimwe nechimwe, zvakaoma kunyatsoona kana iyo yose yejometri yakarurama inonyatsoenderana nezvinodiwa, uye hazvibatsiri kuwana chikonzero chechokwadi chekutsauka uye kuita zvigadziriswe zvakarongeka nekugadzirisa.

III. Positioning Precision Kuongorora kweCNC Machining Centers

(I) Tsanangudzo uye Kufurira Zvinhu zvePositioning Precision

Positioning precision inoreva chinzvimbo chaicho icho imwe neimwe inoratidzira axis yeCNC machining Center inogona kuwana pasi pekutonga kwenhamba yekudzora mudziyo. Izvo zvinonyanya kuenderana nekutonga kurongeka kwenhamba yekudzora system uye zvikanganiso zveiyo mechanical transmission system. Kugadziriswa kwenhamba yekudzora sisitimu, kududzira algorithms, uye iko kurongeka kwemidziyo yekuona mhinduro zvese zvine chekuita nekumisikidza chaiko. Panyaya yekufambisa kwemakina, zvinhu zvakaita seyekukanganisa kweiyo lead screw, iyo clearance pakati pelead screw nenati, kutwasanuka uye kukweshera kwechitima chegwara zvakare zvinotarisisa huwandu hwekumisikidza chaiko.

(II) Kuongorora Zviri mukati

Kuisa Precision uye Kudzokorodza Positioning Precision yeMutsetse Wega Woga Motion Axis: Positioning chaiyo inoratidza kutsauswa kwepakati pakati penzvimbo yakarairwa uye chaiyo yakasvika chinzvimbo cheiyo axis yekubatanidza, nepo inodzokororwa yekumisikidza iko kunoratidza dhigirii rekupararira kwenzvimbo apo akisi yekubatanidza inoramba ichienda kune imwechete yakarairwa chinzvimbo. Semuyenzaniso, kana uchigadzira contour milling, kusarongeka kwakashata kunokonzeresa kutsauka pakati pemakina contour shape neyakagadzirwa contour, uye kusarongeka kudzokororwa kwenzvimbo kunotungamira kune isingaenderane machining trajectories paunenge uchigadzira imwechete contour kakawanda, zvichikanganisa kunaka kwepasi uye kurongeka kwedimensional.
Return Precision yeMechanical Origin yeLinear Motion Axis: Iyo mechanical mavambo ndiyo inotaridzirwa nzvimbo yekubatanidza axis, uye kurongeka kwayo kwekudzoka kunobata zvakananga kurongeka kwechinzvimbo chekutanga chekubatanidza axis mushure mokunge mudziyo wemuchina waiswa simba kana kuti zero kudzoka kushanda kwaitwa. Kana kudzoka nemazvo hakusi yakakwirira, zvinogona kutungamirira kutsauka pakati pekwakabva workpiece coordinate hurongwa muunotevera machining uye rakagadzirirwa mavambo, zvichiita kuti akarongeka chinzvimbo zvikanganiso yose machining muitiro.
Backlash yeLinear Motion Axis: Kana iyo axis yakarongeka ichichinja pakati pekufamba uye kudzosera kumashure mafambiro, nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita sekubvumidzwa pakati pemakina ekutapurirana zvikamu uye shanduko mukukweshana, backlash ichaitika. Mumabasa ekugadzira anogara achienderera mberi uye achidzokera kumashure mafambiro, senge tambo dzekugaya kana kuita inodzokorodza contour machining, backlash inokonzeresa "nhanho" -kunge zvikanganiso mugwara remachining, zvichikanganisa machining nemazvo uye kunaka kwepamusoro.
Kuisa Precision uye Repetitive Positioning Precision yeYese Rotary Motion Axis (Rotary Worktable): Kune machining nzvimbo dzine rotary worktables, iyo chaiyo yekumisikidza uye inodzokororwa yekumisikidza chaiyo yeanotenderera inofamba maaxes akakosha pakugadzira machira ebasa ane denderedzwa indexing kana akawanda-station kugadzirisa. Semuyenzaniso, kana uchigadzira maworkpiece ane akaomarara ekuparadzira maitiro senge turbine blades, iko kurongeka kweiyo axis inotenderera inotarisisa kurongeka kwemakona uye kufanana kwekugovera pakati pemablades.
Return Precision yeOrigin yeImwe Rotary Motion Axis: Zvakafanana neiyo linear motion axis, iyo chaiyo yekudzoka kwekwakabva rotary motion axis inokanganisa kurongeka kwayo kwekutanga angular chinzvimbo mushure mekushanda kwezero yekudzoka, uye ihwo hwaro hwakakosha hwekuona kurongeka kweakawanda-station kugadzirisa kana denderedzwa indexing process.
Kudzokera kumashure kweYese Rotary Motion Axis: Iyo backlash inogadzirwa kana iyo axis inotenderera ichichinja pakati pemberi uye kumashure kutenderera kunokonzeresa kutsauka kweangular kana uchigadzira denderedzwa contours kana kuita angular indexing, zvichikanganisa chimiro uye chimiro chechokwadi chebasa.

(III) Nzira dzekuongorora uye Zvishandiso

Kuongororwa kwenzvimbo chaiyo kunowanzo tora yakakwirira-chaiyo yekuongorora michina yakadai se laser interferometers uye grating zviyero. Iyo laser interferometer inoyera kuchinjika kweiyo coordination axis nekuburitsa danda relaser uye kuyera shanduko mumipendero yayo yekukanganisa, kuitira kuti uwane zviratidzo zvakasiyana senge yekumisikidza chaiyo, kudzokorora chinzvimbo, uye backlash. Iyo grating chiyero inomisikidzwa zvakananga paiyo coordination axis, uye inodzosera kumashure ruzivo rwechinzvimbo cheiyo coordination axis nekuverenga shanduko mumitsetse yekugezera, iyo inogona kushandiswa pa online kutarisa uye kuongorora ma paramita ane chekuita nekumisikidza chaiko.

IV. Kucheka Precision Kuongorora kweCNC Machining Centers

(I) Chimiro uye Kukosha Kwekucheka Kwakarurama

Iyo yekucheka chaiyo yeCNC machining Center ndeye yakanyatso kurongeka, iyo inoratidza iyo machining chaiyo nhanho iyo muchina chishandiso chinogona kuwana mune chaiyo yekucheka maitiro nekunyatso tarisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana senge geometric chaiyo, yekumisikidza kurongeka, kucheka maturusi kuita, kucheka paramita, uye kugadzikana kweiyo process system. Iyo yekucheka chaiyo yekuongorora ndiyo yekupedzisira yekusimbisa kwekuita kwese kwechishandiso chemuchina uye yakanangana nekuti iyo yakagadziriswa workpiece inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.

(II) Kuongorora Kwekuronga uye Zviri mukati

Single Machining Precision Inspection
- Boring Precision - Roundness, Cylindricity: Boring yakajairika machining maitiro munzvimbo dzemachining. Kutenderera uye cylindricity yegomba rakabhowa rinoratidza zvakananga mwero wemuchina wekushandisa apo inotenderera nemutsara mafambiro anoshanda pamwechete. Kukanganisa kwekutenderera kunotungamira kune kusaenzana kwegomba dhayamita saizi, uye cylindricity zvikanganiso zvinokonzeresa axis yegomba kukotama, zvichikanganisa kurongeka kwakakodzera nezvimwe zvikamu.
- Flatness uye Nhanho Musiyano wePlalar Milling neEkupedzisira Mills: Kana uchikuya ndege ine chigayo chekupedzisira, iyo flatness inoratidza kufanana pakati penzvimbo inogoneka uye ndege yekufambisa chombo uye kupfeka yunifomu yekucheka kwechishandiso, nepo mutsauko wenhanho unoratidza kuenderana kwekucheka kudzika kwechishandiso munzvimbo dzakasiyana panguva yekugadzira milling. Kana paine nhanho mutsauko, zvinoratidza kuti pane matambudziko nekufamba kufanana kwechishandiso chemuchina muX uye Y ndege.
- Perpendicularity uye Parallelism yeSide Milling neEkupedzisira Mills: Paunenge uchikuya padivi pepamusoro, iyo perpendicularity uye parallelism zvakateerana inoedza perpendicularity pakati peiyo spindle rotation axis uye coordinate axis uye hukama hweparallelism pakati pechishandiso uye referensi nzvimbo paunenge uchicheka padivi pechiso, icho chine kukosha kukuru kwechimiro chechikamu chebasa nemazvo.
Precision Kuongorora kweMachining Yakajairwa Yakakwana Yekuyedza Piece
- Zviri mukati meKucheka Precision Kuongorora kweHorizontal Machining Centers
  - Kurongeka kweBore Hole Spacing - muX-axis Direction, Y-axis Direction, Diagonal Direction, uye Hole Diameter Deviation: Iyo chaiyo yebore hole spacing inoyedza zvizere kumisikidzwa kwechishandiso chemuchina muX neY ndege uye kugona kudzora kurongeka kwedimensional munzira dzakasiyana. Gomba kutsauswa kwedhayamita kunowedzera kuratidza kugadzikana chaiko kweiyo nzira inofinha.
  - Kururama, Parallelism, Hukobvu Musiyano, uye Perpendicularity yeKugaya Nzvimbo Yakatenderedza neEkupedzisira Mills: Nekugaya nzvimbo dzakapoteredzwa nemamill ekupedzisira, iyo positional chaiyo hukama hwechishandiso chine chekuita nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzechishandiso chinogona kuwonekwa panguva yakawanda-axis yekubatanidza machining. Kutwasanuka, parallelism, uye perpendicularity zvakateerana kuyedza iyo geometric chimiro pakati penzvimbo, uye musiyano weukobvu unoratidza kudzika kwekudzora kudzika kwechishandiso munzira yeZ-axis.
  - Kururama, Parallelism, uye Perpendicularity yeMaviri-axis Linkage Milling yeMitsetse Yakatwasuka: Maviri-axis yekubatanidza kugaya kwemitsara yakatwasuka ibasa rekutanga contour machining. Kunyatsoongorora uku kunogona kuongorora iko kurongeka kwechishandiso chemuchina kana X uye Y maaxes achifamba mukubatana, izvo zvinotora basa rakakosha mukuona iko kurongeka kwemachining workpiece ane akasiyana akatwasanuka maumbirwo.
  - Roundness yeArc Milling neEnd Mills: Iyo chaiyo yearc milling inonyanya kuyedza iko kurongeka kwechishandiso chemuchina panguva yearc interpolation motion. Kukanganisa kwekutenderera kuchakanganisa chimiro chechokwadi chezvishandiso zvine arc contours, senge kubereka dzimba uye magiya.

(III) Mamiriro uye Zvinodiwa Pakucheka Precision Kuongorora

Iyo yekucheka chaiyo yekuongorora inofanirwa kuitwa mushure meiyo geometric chaiyo uye yekumisikidza chaiyo yemuchina wemuchina wagamuchirwa seunokwanisa. Zvishandiso zvakakodzera zvekucheka, zvigadziro zvekucheka, uye zvinhu zvekushanda zvinofanira kusarudzwa. Zvishandiso zvekucheka zvinofanirwa kuve nekupinza kwakanaka uye kupfeka kuramba, uye maparamendi ekucheka anofanirwa kusarudzwa zvinoenderana nekuita kwechishandiso chemuchina, zvinhu zvechishandiso chekucheka, uye zvinhu zvechishandiso chebasa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chaiyo yekucheka chaiyo yemuchina wemuchina inoongororwa pasi pemamiriro ekucheka akajairwa. Zvichakadaro, panguva yekuongorora, iyo yakagadziridzwa workpiece inofanirwa kuyerwa nemazvo, uye yakakwirira-chaiyo yekuyeresa michina yakadai sekuronga yekuyeresa michina uye profilometers inofanira kushandiswa kunyatso uye nekunyatsoongorora zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekucheka chaiko.

V. Mhedziso

Iko kuongororwa kweiyo geometric chaiyo, yekumisikidza chaiyo, uye kucheka chaiko kana uchiendesa CNC machining nzvimbo ndiyo kiyi yekubatanidza kuti ive nechokwadi chemhando uye kushanda kwemidziyo yemuchina. Kurongeka kweGeometric kunopa vimbiso yekurongeka kweiyo maturusi emuchina, kumisa chaiko kunotarisa iko kurongeka kwematurusi emuchina mukutonga kwekufamba, uye kucheka chaiko kuongorora kwakadzama kwekugona kwese kwekugadzirisa kwemidziyo yemuchina. Munguva chaiyo yekugamuchira maitiro, zvinodikanwa kunyatso kutevedzera akakodzera zviyero uye zvakatemwa, kutora akakodzera maturusi ekuongorora uye nzira, uye zvakakwana uye zvine hungwaru kuyera uye kuongorora akasiyana echokwadi zviratidzo. Chete kana zvese zvitatu zvinodikanwa zvazadzikiswa ndipo CNC machining Center inogona kuiswa zviri pamutemo mukugadzira nekushandisa, ichipa yakakwirira-chaiyo uye yepamusoro-soro yekugadzirisa masevhisi eindasitiri yekugadzira uye kusimudzira kusimukira kwekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kune yemhando yepamusoro uye kunyatsojeka. Zvichakadaro, kugara uchiongorora uye kuenzanisa kurongeka kweiyo machining Center zvakare chiyero chakakosha chekuvimbisa kushanda kwayo kwenguva refu yakagadzikana uye kuenderera kwekuvimbika kweiyo machining chaiyo.